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1．Bargain Fashion
I Scavenging for hand-me-downs is a way of life for those who have few resources and need to put clothes on their backs. For others on the high consumer end, even though they have more income, it\’s become a pastime. It \’ s fun , it\’s challenging and the clothes , they believe , make a fashion statement. Rummaging through thrift shops, combing weekend flea markets and yard sales , visiting vintage fashion stores, and even surfing the Internet has become a passion for people seeking out fashion treasures on the cheap.
2 Some like to think of it as frugal living – a careful or thrifty way to live , a way to protect both their pocketbook· and the environment. With the growing concern for waste, some people feel this is one way they can do their part by recycling and reusing. In San Francisco, California , there are 1500 recycle shops, selling everything from used refrigerators to designer evening gowns. San Diego , California, boasts more than 2, 000 secondhand shops along with a quarterly newspaper called \”Second Hand News\” with a readership of thousands of people. This 56-page publication contains information on store listings , shop ratings , coming events, arid news of trends in recycling. People from all sectors of society read \”Second Hand News\” to learn about what\’ s happening in the secondhand scene. The interest is growing in the use of these shops – some drop off their goods that they no longer want or need , some come to browse and see what it\’s all about, others come to search for that piece of clothing that will make them stand out in a crowd.
3 Recycle centers and shops originated through community service organizations such as the YMCA, Salvation Army, Good Will and church groups. One such organization , the St.Vincent De Paul in San Diego. got its start in 1948 and is still doing a booming business today. Organizations such as these offer a wide range of goods and products from used household items to baby clothes. In many urban centers these types of shops cater to the needier segment of the population.
4 But as recycling became fashionable during the 1980s , individuals opened secondhand shops geared to the middle and even upper classes of society. Shops like \”Michael’s\” in downtown San Diego, Auntie Helen\’s in New York, and Brother Bennie \’ s in Los Angeles specialize in vintage clothing and accessories for both men and women. They claim to stock secondhand goods of the\” finest quality\” at low prices. \”Choosing an evening gown at Michael\’s is almost like shopping at Harrods in London or Barney\’s in New York, except it\’s a lot more exciting,\” says Gennie, a fashion model based in San Diego. \”You can choose from clothes that lots of famous people owned, and there\’ s a seamstress right there. to make adjustments. You even get the option of a full refund up to 1~ 1/2 hours after a purchase if you get it home and decide it\’ s really not for you ,\” she explains.
5 The recycle craze is not just all happening in the United States, it seems to have taken much of the whole world by storm. Some people in Tokyo, Japan make their living by what they call \”thrifting\”: Designers hire them to shop for treasures , which then form the basis of their next fashion collection. James Ashton says he\’ s become a professional scour. \”I go to clubs to see what the kids are wearing , then hunt down old fabric , a belt buckle or a cool sweater pattern at a flea market,\” he explains. The designer then invents a new look using the goods the scout has gathered. \”Some are fashion wizards , others become famous just by copying thrift items,\” says Ashton.
6 In London , England, hunting for vintage clothing and jewelry has become the in-thing to do. Helen, of Helen Uffner Vintage Clothing , has a huge collection of garments from 1850 through the 1970s , some of which are for sale , others she rents out for use in feature films. \”A number of the costumes for Out of Africa , which set off a Safari fad , came from my collection ,\” she exclaims. As your eye passes over the goods in her shop you can guess that a vintage shoe collector would be delighted to see her shoe collection. On the rack are a pair of 1970s Charles Jourdan platform shoes with carved wooden chunky heels and braided, yellow patent leather straps. That same chunky look was revived in 1997 , a hot item in fashion circles the n. Now she says , \”This pair is just waiting for the right foot. \”
7 The idea is to take fragments of the past to create an image for yourself. The look may or may not be selling in the designer boutique down the street , but you can still be satisfied knowing you\’ ve done your personal look by yourself- and on the cheap to boot.
the newspaper called “second hand news” is published ___.
once a month
twice a year
four times a year
2．Bargain Fashion
I Scavenging for hand-me-downs is a way of life for those who have few resources and need to put clothes on their backs. For others on the high consumer end, even though they have more income, it\’s become a pastime. It \’ s fun , it\’s challenging and the clothes , they believe , make a fashion statement. Rummaging through thrift shops, combing weekend flea markets and yard sales , visiting vintage fashion stores, and even surfing the Internet has become a passion for people seeking out fashion treasures on the cheap.
2 Some like to think of it as frugal living – a careful or thrifty way to live , a way to protect both their pocketbook· and the environment. With the growing concern for waste, some people feel this is one way they can do their part by recycling and reusing. In San Francisco, California , there are 1500 recycle shops, selling everything from used refrigerators to designer evening gowns. San Diego , California, boasts more than 2, 000 secondhand shops along with a quarterly newspaper called \”Second Hand News\” with a readership of thousands of people. This 56-page publication contains information on store listings , shop ratings , coming events, arid news of trends in recycling. People from all sectors of society read \”Second Hand News\” to learn about what\’ s happening in the secondhand scene. The interest is growing in the use of these shops – some drop off their goods that they no longer want or need , some come to browse and see what it\’s all about, others come to search for that piece of clothing that will make them stand out in a crowd.
3 Recycle centers and shops originated through community service organizations such as the YMCA, Salvation Army, Good Will and church groups. One such organization , the St.Vincent De Paul in San Diego. got its start in 1948 and is still doing a booming business today. Organizations such as these offer a wide range of goods and products from used household items to baby clothes. In many urban centers these types of shops cater to the needier segment of the population.
4 But as recycling became fashionable during the 1980s , individuals opened secondhand shops geared to the middle and even upper classes of society. Shops like \”Michael’s\” in downtown San Diego, Auntie Helen\’s in New York, and Brother Bennie \’ s in Los Angeles specialize in vintage clothing and accessories for both men and women. They claim to stock secondhand goods of the\” finest quality\” at low prices. \”Choosing an evening gown at Michael\’s is almost like shopping at Harrods in London or Barney\’s in New York, except it\’s a lot more exciting,\” says Gennie, a fashion model based in San Diego. \”You can choose from clothes that lots of famous people owned, and there\’ s a seamstress right there. to make adjustments. You even get the option of a full refund up to 1~ 1/2 hours after a purchase if you get it home and decide it\’ s really not for you ,\” she explains.
5 The recycle craze is not just all happening in the United States, it seems to have taken much of the whole world by storm. Some people in Tokyo, Japan make their living by what they call \”thrifting\”: Designers hire them to shop for treasures , which then form the basis of their next fashion collection. James Ashton says he\’ s become a professional scour. \”I go to clubs to see what the kids are wearing , then hunt down old fabric , a belt buckle or a cool sweater pattern at a flea market,\” he explains. The designer then invents a new look using the goods the scout has gathered. \”Some are fashion wizards , others become famous just by copying thrift items,\” says Ashton.
6 In London , England, hunting for vintage clothing and jewelry has become the in-thing to do. Helen, of Helen Uffner Vintage Clothing , has a huge collection of garments from 1850 through the 1970s , some of which are for sale , others she rents out for use in feature films. \”A number of the costumes for Out of Africa , which set off a Safari fad , came from my collection ,\” she exclaims. As your eye passes over the goods in her shop you can guess that a vintage shoe collector would be delighted to see her shoe collection. On the rack are a pair of 1970s Charles Jourdan platform shoes with carved wooden chunky heels and braided, yellow patent leather straps. That same chunky look was revived in 1997 , a hot item in fashion circles the n. Now she says , \”This pair is just waiting for the right foot. \”
7 The idea is to take fragments of the past to create an image for yourself. The look may or may not be selling in the designer boutique down the street , but you can still be satisfied knowing you\’ ve done your personal look by yourself- and on the cheap to boot.
he boasts that he made the most money in his company last year.
questions
speaks with pride
worries
3．Bargain Fashion
I Scavenging for hand-me-downs is a way of life for those who have few resources and need to put clothes on their backs. For others on the high consumer end, even though they have more income, it\’s become a pastime. It \’ s fun , it\’s challenging and the clothes , they believe , make a fashion statement. Rummaging through thrift shops, combing weekend flea markets and yard sales , visiting vintage fashion stores, and even surfing the Internet has become a passion for people seeking out fashion treasures on the cheap.
2 Some like to think of it as frugal living – a careful or thrifty way to live , a way to protect both their pocketbook· and the environment. With the growing concern for waste, some people feel this is one way they can do their part by recycling and reusing. In San Francisco, California , there are 1500 recycle shops, selling everything from used refrigerators to designer evening gowns. San Diego , California, boasts more than 2, 000 secondhand shops along with a quarterly newspaper called \”Second Hand News\” with a readership of thousands of people. This 56-page publication contains information on store listings , shop ratings , coming events, arid news of trends in recycling. People from all sectors of society read \”Second Hand News\” to learn about what\’ s happening in the secondhand scene. The interest is growing in the use of these shops – some drop off their goods that they no longer want or need , some come to browse and see what it\’s all about, others come to search for that piece of clothing that will make them stand out in a crowd.
3 Recycle centers and shops originated through community service organizations such as the YMCA, Salvation Army, Good Will and church groups. One such organization , the St.Vincent De Paul in San Diego. got its start in 1948 and is still doing a booming business today. Organizations such as these offer a wide range of goods and products from used household items to baby clothes. In many urban centers these types of shops cater to the needier segment of the population.
4 But as recycling became fashionable during the 1980s , individuals opened secondhand shops geared to the middle and even upper classes of society. Shops like \”Michael’s\” in downtown San Diego, Auntie Helen\’s in New York, and Brother Bennie \’ s in Los Angeles specialize in vintage clothing and accessories for both men and women. They claim to stock secondhand goods of the\” finest quality\” at low prices. \”Choosing an evening gown at Michael\’s is almost like shopping at Harrods in London or Barney\’s in New York, except it\’s a lot more exciting,\” says Gennie, a fashion model based in San Diego. \”You can choose from clothes that lots of famous people owned, and there\’ s a seamstress right there. to make adjustments. You even get the option of a full refund up to 1~ 1/2 hours after a purchase if you get it home and decide it\’ s really not for you ,\” she explains.
5 The recycle craze is not just all happening in the United States, it seems to have taken much of the whole world by storm. Some people in Tokyo, Japan make their living by what they call \”thrifting\”: Designers hire them to shop for treasures , which then form the basis of their next fashion collection. James Ashton says he\’ s become a professional scour. \”I go to clubs to see what the kids are wearing , then hunt down old fabric , a belt buckle or a cool sweater pattern at a flea market,\” he explains. The designer then invents a new look using the goods the scout has gathered. \”Some are fashion wizards , others become famous just by copying thrift items,\” says Ashton.
6 In London , England, hunting for vintage clothing and jewelry has become the in-thing to do. Helen, of Helen Uffner Vintage Clothing , has a huge collection of garments from 1850 through the 1970s , some of which are for sale , others she rents out for use in feature films. \”A number of the costumes for Out of Africa , which set off a Safari fad , came from my collection ,\” she exclaims. As your eye passes over the goods in her shop you can guess that a vintage shoe collector would be delighted to see her shoe collection. On the rack are a pair of 1970s Charles Jourdan platform shoes with carved wooden chunky heels and braided, yellow patent leather straps. That same chunky look was revived in 1997 , a hot item in fashion circles the n. Now she says , \”This pair is just waiting for the right foot. \”
7 The idea is to take fragments of the past to create an image for yourself. The look may or may not be selling in the designer boutique down the street , but you can still be satisfied knowing you\’ ve done your personal look by yourself- and on the cheap to boot.
they were so frugal that they would only use the heating for one hour during the cold winter nights.
careful
complaints
worries
4．Bargain Fashion
I Scavenging for hand-me-downs is a way of life for those who have few resources and need to put clothes on their backs. For others on the high consumer end, even though they have more income, it\’s become a pastime. It \’ s fun , it\’s challenging and the clothes , they believe , make a fashion statement. Rummaging through thrift shops, combing weekend flea markets and yard sales , visiting vintage fashion stores, and even surfing the Internet has become a passion for people seeking out fashion treasures on the cheap.
2 Some like to think of it as frugal living – a careful or thrifty way to live , a way to protect both their pocketbook· and the environment. With the growing concern for waste, some people feel this is one way they can do their part by recycling and reusing. In San Francisco, California , there are 1500 recycle shops, selling everything from used refrigerators to designer evening gowns. San Diego , California, boasts more than 2, 000 secondhand shops along with a quarterly newspaper called \”Second Hand News\” with a readership of thousands of people. This 56-page publication contains information on store listings , shop ratings , coming events, arid news of trends in recycling. People from all sectors of society read \”Second Hand News\” to learn about what\’ s happening in the secondhand scene. The interest is growing in the use of these shops – some drop off their goods that they no longer want or need , some come to browse and see what it\’s all about, others come to search for that piece of clothing that will make them stand out in a crowd.
3 Recycle centers and shops originated through community service organizations such as the YMCA, Salvation Army, Good Will and church groups. One such organization , the St.Vincent De Paul in San Diego. got its start in 1948 and is still doing a booming business today. Organizations such as these offer a wide range of goods and products from used household items to baby clothes. In many urban centers these types of shops cater to the needier segment of the population.
4 But as recycling became fashionable during the 1980s , individuals opened secondhand shops geared to the middle and even upper classes of society. Shops like \”Michael’s\” in downtown San Diego, Auntie Helen\’s in New York, and Brother Bennie \’ s in Los Angeles specialize in vintage clothing and accessories for both men and women. They claim to stock secondhand goods of the\” finest quality\” at low prices. \”Choosing an evening gown at Michael\’s is almost like shopping at Harrods in London or Barney\’s in New York, except it\’s a lot more exciting,\” says Gennie, a fashion model based in San Diego. \”You can choose from clothes that lots of famous people owned, and there\’ s a seamstress right there. to make adjustments. You even get the option of a full refund up to 1~ 1/2 hours after a purchase if you get it home and decide it\’ s really not for you ,\” she explains.
5 The recycle craze is not just all happening in the United States, it seems to have taken much of the whole world by storm. Some people in Tokyo, Japan make their living by what they call \”thrifting\”: Designers hire them to shop for treasures , which then form the basis of their next fashion collection. James Ashton says he\’ s become a professional scour. \”I go to clubs to see what the kids are wearing , then hunt down old fabric , a belt buckle or a cool sweater pattern at a flea market,\” he explains. The designer then invents a new look using the goods the scout has gathered. \”Some are fashion wizards , others become famous just by copying thrift items,\” says Ashton.
6 In London , England, hunting for vintage clothing and jewelry has become the in-thing to do. Helen, of Helen Uffner Vintage Clothing , has a huge collection of garments from 1850 through the 1970s , some of which are for sale , others she rents out for use in feature films. \”A number of the costumes for Out of Africa , which set off a Safari fad , came from my collection ,\” she exclaims. As your eye passes over the goods in her shop you can guess that a vintage shoe collector would be delighted to see her shoe collection. On the rack are a pair of 1970s Charles Jourdan platform shoes with carved wooden chunky heels and braided, yellow patent leather straps. That same chunky look was revived in 1997 , a hot item in fashion circles the n. Now she says , \”This pair is just waiting for the right foot. \”
7 The idea is to take fragments of the past to create an image for yourself. The look may or may not be selling in the designer boutique down the street , but you can still be satisfied knowing you\’ ve done your personal look by yourself- and on the cheap to boot.
she wanted vintage jewelry worn by a movie star 50 years ago.
classic
plastic
cheap
5．Bargain Fashion
I Scavenging for hand-me-downs is a way of life for those who have few resources and need to put clothes on their backs. For others on the high consumer end, even though they have more income, it\’s become a pastime. It \’ s fun , it\’s challenging and the clothes , they believe , make a fashion statement. Rummaging through thrift shops, combing weekend flea markets and yard sales , visiting vintage fashion stores, and even surfing the Internet has become a passion for people seeking out fashion treasures on the cheap.
2 Some like to think of it as frugal living – a careful or thrifty way to live , a way to protect both their pocketbook· and the environment. With the growing concern for waste, some people feel this is one way they can do their part by recycling and reusing. In San Francisco, California , there are 1500 recycle shops, selling everything from used refrigerators to designer evening gowns. San Diego , California, boasts more than 2, 000 secondhand shops along with a quarterly newspaper called \”Second Hand News\” with a readership of thousands of people. This 56-page publication contains information on store listings , shop ratings , coming events, arid news of trends in recycling. People from all sectors of society read \”Second Hand News\” to learn about what\’ s happening in the secondhand scene. The interest is growing in the use of these shops – some drop off their goods that they no longer want or need , some come to browse and see what it\’s all about, others come to search for that piece of clothing that will make them stand out in a crowd.
3 Recycle centers and shops originated through community service organizations such as the YMCA, Salvation Army, Good Will and church groups. One such organization , the St.Vincent De Paul in San Diego. got its start in 1948 and is still doing a booming business today. Organizations such as these offer a wide range of goods and products from used household items to baby clothes. In many urban centers these types of shops cater to the needier segment of the population.
4 But as recycling became fashionable during the 1980s , individuals opened secondhand shops geared to the middle and even upper classes of society. Shops like \”Michael’s\” in downtown San Diego, Auntie Helen\’s in New York, and Brother Bennie \’ s in Los Angeles specialize in vintage clothing and accessories for both men and women. They claim to stock secondhand goods of the\” finest quality\” at low prices. \”Choosing an evening gown at Michael\’s is almost like shopping at Harrods in London or Barney\’s in New York, except it\’s a lot more exciting,\” says Gennie, a fashion model based in San Diego. \”You can choose from clothes that lots of famous people owned, and there\’ s a seamstress right there. to make adjustments. You even get the option of a full refund up to 1~ 1/2 hours after a purchase if you get it home and decide it\’ s really not for you ,\” she explains.
5 The recycle craze is not just all happening in the United States, it seems to have taken much of the whole world by storm. Some people in Tokyo, Japan make their living by what they call \”thrifting\”: Designers hire them to shop for treasures , which then form the basis of their next fashion collection. James Ashton says he\’ s become a professional scour. \”I go to clubs to see what the kids are wearing , then hunt down old fabric , a belt buckle or a cool sweater pattern at a flea market,\” he explains. The designer then invents a new look using the goods the scout has gathered. \”Some are fashion wizards , others become famous just by copying thrift items,\” says Ashton.
6 In London , England, hunting for vintage clothing and jewelry has become the in-thing to do. Helen, of Helen Uffner Vintage Clothing , has a huge collection of garments from 1850 through the 1970s , some of which are for sale , others she rents out for use in feature films. \”A number of the costumes for Out of Africa , which set off a Safari fad , came from my collection ,\” she exclaims. As your eye passes over the goods in her shop you can guess that a vintage shoe collector would be delighted to see her shoe collection. On the rack are a pair of 1970s Charles Jourdan platform shoes with carved wooden chunky heels and braided, yellow patent leather straps. That same chunky look was revived in 1997 , a hot item in fashion circles the n. Now she says , \”This pair is just waiting for the right foot. \”
7 The idea is to take fragments of the past to create an image for yourself. The look may or may not be selling in the designer boutique down the street , but you can still be satisfied knowing you\’ ve done your personal look by yourself- and on the cheap to boot.
she found the information while she was rummaging through the boxes in the office.
causing disorder by looking
looking with care
looking quickly
6．Bargain Fashion
I Scavenging for hand-me-downs is a way of life for those who have few resources and need to put clothes on their backs. For others on the high consumer end, even though they have more income, it\’s become a pastime. It \’ s fun , it\’s challenging and the clothes , they believe , make a fashion statement. Rummaging through thrift shops, combing weekend flea markets and yard sales , visiting vintage fashion stores, and even surfing the Internet has become a passion for people seeking out fashion treasures on the cheap.
2 Some like to think of it as frugal living – a careful or thrifty way to live , a way to protect both their pocketbook· and the environment. With the growing concern for waste, some people feel this is one way they can do their part by recycling and reusing. In San Francisco, California , there are 1500 recycle shops, selling everything from used refrigerators to designer evening gowns. San Diego , California, boasts more than 2, 000 secondhand shops along with a quarterly newspaper called \”Second Hand News\” with a readership of thousands of people. This 56-page publication contains information on store listings , shop ratings , coming events, arid news of trends in recycling. People from all sectors of society read \”Second Hand News\” to learn about what\’ s happening in the secondhand scene. The interest is growing in the use of these shops – some drop off their goods that they no longer want or need , some come to browse and see what it\’s all about, others come to search for that piece of clothing that will make them stand out in a crowd.
3 Recycle centers and shops originated through community service organizations such as the YMCA, Salvation Army, Good Will and church groups. One such organization , the St.Vincent De Paul in San Diego. got its start in 1948 and is still doing a booming business today. Organizations such as these offer a wide range of goods and products from used household items to baby clothes. In many urban centers these types of shops cater to the needier segment of the population.
4 But as recycling became fashionable during the 1980s , individuals opened secondhand shops geared to the middle and even upper classes of society. Shops like \”Michael’s\” in downtown San Diego, Auntie Helen\’s in New York, and Brother Bennie \’ s in Los Angeles specialize in vintage clothing and accessories for both men and women. They claim to stock secondhand goods of the\” finest quality\” at low prices. \”Choosing an evening gown at Michael\’s is almost like shopping at Harrods in London or Barney\’s in New York, except it\’s a lot more exciting,\” says Gennie, a fashion model based in San Diego. \”You can choose from clothes that lots of famous people owned, and there\’ s a seamstress right there. to make adjustments. You even get the option of a full refund up to 1~ 1/2 hours after a purchase if you get it home and decide it\’ s really not for you ,\” she explains.
5 The recycle craze is not just all happening in the United States, it seems to have taken much of the whole world by storm. Some people in Tokyo, Japan make their living by what they call \”thrifting\”: Designers hire them to shop for treasures , which then form the basis of their next fashion collection. James Ashton says he\’ s become a professional scour. \”I go to clubs to see what the kids are wearing , then hunt down old fabric , a belt buckle or a cool sweater pattern at a flea market,\” he explains. The designer then invents a new look using the goods the scout has gathered. \”Some are fashion wizards , others become famous just by copying thrift items,\” says Ashton.
6 In London , England, hunting for vintage clothing and jewelry has become the in-thing to do. Helen, of Helen Uffner Vintage Clothing , has a huge collection of garments from 1850 through the 1970s , some of which are for sale , others she rents out for use in feature films. \”A number of the costumes for Out of Africa , which set off a Safari fad , came from my collection ,\” she exclaims. As your eye passes over the goods in her shop you can guess that a vintage shoe collector would be delighted to see her shoe collection. On the rack are a pair of 1970s Charles Jourdan platform shoes with carved wooden chunky heels and braided, yellow patent leather straps. That same chunky look was revived in 1997 , a hot item in fashion circles the n. Now she says , \”This pair is just waiting for the right foot. \”
7 The idea is to take fragments of the past to create an image for yourself. The look may or may not be selling in the designer boutique down the street , but you can still be satisfied knowing you\’ ve done your personal look by yourself- and on the cheap to boot.
they were like wild animals, scavenging for any left-over food they could find.
paying
searching
Asking
7．Bargain Fashion
I Scavenging for hand-me-downs is a way of life for those who have few resources and need to put clothes on their backs. For others on the high consumer end, even though they have more income, it\’s become a pastime. It \’ s fun , it\’s challenging and the clothes , they believe , make a fashion statement. Rummaging through thrift shops, combing weekend flea markets and yard sales , visiting vintage fashion stores, and even surfing the Internet has become a passion for people seeking out fashion treasures on the cheap.
2 Some like to think of it as frugal living – a careful or thrifty way to live , a way to protect both their pocketbook· and the environment. With the growing concern for waste, some people feel this is one way they can do their part by recycling and reusing. In San Francisco, California , there are 1500 recycle shops, selling everything from used refrigerators to designer evening gowns. San Diego , California, boasts more than 2, 000 secondhand shops along with a quarterly newspaper called \”Second Hand News\” with a readership of thousands of people. This 56-page publication contains information on store listings , shop ratings , coming events, arid news of trends in recycling. People from all sectors of society read \”Second Hand News\” to learn about what\’ s happening in the secondhand scene. The interest is growing in the use of these shops – some drop off their goods that they no longer want or need , some come to browse and see what it\’s all about, others come to search for that piece of clothing that will make them stand out in a crowd.
3 Recycle centers and shops originated through community service organizations such as the YMCA, Salvation Army, Good Will and church groups. One such organization , the St.Vincent De Paul in San Diego. got its start in 1948 and is still doing a booming business today. Organizations such as these offer a wide range of goods and products from used household items to baby clothes. In many urban centers these types of shops cater to the needier segment of the population.
4 But as recycling became fashionable during the 1980s , individuals opened secondhand shops geared to the middle and even upper classes of society. Shops like \”Michael’s\” in downtown San Diego, Auntie Helen\’s in New York, and Brother Bennie \’ s in Los Angeles specialize in vintage clothing and accessories for both men and women. They claim to stock secondhand goods of the\” finest quality\” at low prices. \”Choosing an evening gown at Michael\’s is almost like shopping at Harrods in London or Barney\’s in New York, except it\’s a lot more exciting,\” says Gennie, a fashion model based in San Diego. \”You can choose from clothes that lots of famous people owned, and there\’ s a seamstress right there. to make adjustments. You even get the option of a full refund up to 1~ 1/2 hours after a purchase if you get it home and decide it\’ s really not for you ,\” she explains.
5 The recycle craze is not just all happening in the United States, it seems to have taken much of the whole world by storm. Some people in Tokyo, Japan make their living by what they call \”thrifting\”: Designers hire them to shop for treasures , which then form the basis of their next fashion collection. James Ashton says he\’ s become a professional scour. \”I go to clubs to see what the kids are wearing , then hunt down old fabric , a belt buckle or a cool sweater pattern at a flea market,\” he explains. The designer then invents a new look using the goods the scout has gathered. \”Some are fashion wizards , others become famous just by copying thrift items,\” says Ashton.
6 In London , England, hunting for vintage clothing and jewelry has become the in-thing to do. Helen, of Helen Uffner Vintage Clothing , has a huge collection of garments from 1850 through the 1970s , some of which are for sale , others she rents out for use in feature films. \”A number of the costumes for Out of Africa , which set off a Safari fad , came from my collection ,\” she exclaims. As your eye passes over the goods in her shop you can guess that a vintage shoe collector would be delighted to see her shoe collection. On the rack are a pair of 1970s Charles Jourdan platform shoes with carved wooden chunky heels and braided, yellow patent leather straps. That same chunky look was revived in 1997 , a hot item in fashion circles the n. Now she says , \”This pair is just waiting for the right foot. \”
7 The idea is to take fragments of the past to create an image for yourself. The look may or may not be selling in the designer boutique down the street , but you can still be satisfied knowing you\’ ve done your personal look by yourself- and on the cheap to boot.
the costumes from Out of Africa were borrowed from ___ shop.
Michael’s
Helen Uffner Vintage
Charles Jordan
8．Bargain Fashion
I Scavenging for hand-me-downs is a way of life for those who have few resources and need to put clothes on their backs. For others on the high consumer end, even though they have more income, it\’s become a pastime. It \’ s fun , it\’s challenging and the clothes , they believe , make a fashion statement. Rummaging through thrift shops, combing weekend flea markets and yard sales , visiting vintage fashion stores, and even surfing the Internet has become a passion for people seeking out fashion treasures on the cheap.
2 Some like to think of it as frugal living – a careful or thrifty way to live , a way to protect both their pocketbook· and the environment. With the growing concern for waste, some people feel this is one way they can do their part by recycling and reusing. In San Francisco, California , there are 1500 recycle shops, selling everything from used refrigerators to designer evening gowns. San Diego , California, boasts more than 2, 000 secondhand shops along with a quarterly newspaper called \”Second Hand News\” with a readership of thousands of people. This 56-page publication contains information on store listings , shop ratings , coming events, arid news of trends in recycling. People from all sectors of society read \”Second Hand News\” to learn about what\’ s happening in the secondhand scene. The interest is growing in the use of these shops – some drop off their goods that they no longer want or need , some come to browse and see what it\’s all about, others come to search for that piece of clothing that will make them stand out in a crowd.
3 Recycle centers and shops originated through community service organizations such as the YMCA, Salvation Army, Good Will and church groups. One such organization , the St.Vincent De Paul in San Diego. got its start in 1948 and is still doing a booming business today. Organizations such as these offer a wide range of goods and products from used household items to baby clothes. In many urban centers these types of shops cater to the needier segment of the population.
4 But as recycling became fashionable during the 1980s , individuals opened secondhand shops geared to the middle and even upper classes of society. Shops like \”Michael’s\” in downtown San Diego, Auntie Helen\’s in New York, and Brother Bennie \’ s in Los Angeles specialize in vintage clothing and accessories for both men and women. They claim to stock secondhand goods of the\” finest quality\” at low prices. \”Choosing an evening gown at Michael\’s is almost like shopping at Harrods in London or Barney\’s in New York, except it\’s a lot more exciting,\” says Gennie, a fashion model based in San Diego. \”You can choose from clothes that lots of famous people owned, and there\’ s a seamstress right there. to make adjustments. You even get the option of a full refund up to 1~ 1/2 hours after a purchase if you get it home and decide it\’ s really not for you ,\” she explains.
5 The recycle craze is not just all happening in the United States, it seems to have taken much of the whole world by storm. Some people in Tokyo, Japan make their living by what they call \”thrifting\”: Designers hire them to shop for treasures , which then form the basis of their next fashion collection. James Ashton says he\’ s become a professional scour. \”I go to clubs to see what the kids are wearing , then hunt down old fabric , a belt buckle or a cool sweater pattern at a flea market,\” he explains. The designer then invents a new look using the goods the scout has gathered. \”Some are fashion wizards , others become famous just by copying thrift items,\” says Ashton.
6 In London , England, hunting for vintage clothing and jewelry has become the in-thing to do. Helen, of Helen Uffner Vintage Clothing , has a huge collection of garments from 1850 through the 1970s , some of which are for sale , others she rents out for use in feature films. \”A number of the costumes for Out of Africa , which set off a Safari fad , came from my collection ,\” she exclaims. As your eye passes over the goods in her shop you can guess that a vintage shoe collector would be delighted to see her shoe collection. On the rack are a pair of 1970s Charles Jourdan platform shoes with carved wooden chunky heels and braided, yellow patent leather straps. That same chunky look was revived in 1997 , a hot item in fashion circles the n. Now she says , \”This pair is just waiting for the right foot. \”
7 The idea is to take fragments of the past to create an image for yourself. The look may or may not be selling in the designer boutique down the street , but you can still be satisfied knowing you\’ ve done your personal look by yourself- and on the cheap to boot.
fashion designers hire ___ to find interesting pieces for their fashion collection.
fashion scouts
models
local shops
9．Bargain Fashion
I Scavenging for hand-me-downs is a way of life for those who have few resources and need to put clothes on their backs. For others on the high consumer end, even though they have more income, it\’s become a pastime. It \’ s fun , it\’s challenging and the clothes , they believe , make a fashion statement. Rummaging through thrift shops, combing weekend flea markets and yard sales , visiting vintage fashion stores, and even surfing the Internet has become a passion for people seeking out fashion treasures on the cheap.
2 Some like to think of it as frugal living – a careful or thrifty way to live , a way to protect both their pocketbook· and the environment. With the growing concern for waste, some people feel this is one way they can do their part by recycling and reusing. In San Francisco, California , there are 1500 recycle shops, selling everything from used refrigerators to designer evening gowns. San Diego , California, boasts more than 2, 000 secondhand shops along with a quarterly newspaper called \”Second Hand News\” with a readership of thousands of people. This 56-page publication contains information on store listings , shop ratings , coming events, arid news of trends in recycling. People from all sectors of society read \”Second Hand News\” to learn about what\’ s happening in the secondhand scene. The interest is growing in the use of these shops – some drop off their goods that they no longer want or need , some come to browse and see what it\’s all about, others come to search for that piece of clothing that will make them stand out in a crowd.
3 Recycle centers and shops originated through community service organizations such as the YMCA, Salvation Army, Good Will and church groups. One such organization , the St.Vincent De Paul in San Diego. got its start in 1948 and is still doing a booming business today. Organizations such as these offer a wide range of goods and products from used household items to baby clothes. In many urban centers these types of shops cater to the needier segment of the population.
4 But as recycling became fashionable during the 1980s , individuals opened secondhand shops geared to the middle and even upper classes of society. Shops like \”Michael’s\” in downtown San Diego, Auntie Helen\’s in New York, and Brother Bennie \’ s in Los Angeles specialize in vintage clothing and accessories for both men and women. They claim to stock secondhand goods of the\” finest quality\” at low prices. \”Choosing an evening gown at Michael\’s is almost like shopping at Harrods in London or Barney\’s in New York, except it\’s a lot more exciting,\” says Gennie, a fashion model based in San Diego. \”You can choose from clothes that lots of famous people owned, and there\’ s a seamstress right there. to make adjustments. You even get the option of a full refund up to 1~ 1/2 hours after a purchase if you get it home and decide it\’ s really not for you ,\” she explains.
5 The recycle craze is not just all happening in the United States, it seems to have taken much of the whole world by storm. Some people in Tokyo, Japan make their living by what they call \”thrifting\”: Designers hire them to shop for treasures , which then form the basis of their next fashion collection. James Ashton says he\’ s become a professional scour. \”I go to clubs to see what the kids are wearing , then hunt down old fabric , a belt buckle or a cool sweater pattern at a flea market,\” he explains. The designer then invents a new look using the goods the scout has gathered. \”Some are fashion wizards , others become famous just by copying thrift items,\” says Ashton.
6 In London , England, hunting for vintage clothing and jewelry has become the in-thing to do. Helen, of Helen Uffner Vintage Clothing , has a huge collection of garments from 1850 through the 1970s , some of which are for sale , others she rents out for use in feature films. \”A number of the costumes for Out of Africa , which set off a Safari fad , came from my collection ,\” she exclaims. As your eye passes over the goods in her shop you can guess that a vintage shoe collector would be delighted to see her shoe collection. On the rack are a pair of 1970s Charles Jourdan platform shoes with carved wooden chunky heels and braided, yellow patent leather straps. That same chunky look was revived in 1997 , a hot item in fashion circles the n. Now she says , \”This pair is just waiting for the right foot. \”
7 The idea is to take fragments of the past to create an image for yourself. The look may or may not be selling in the designer boutique down the street , but you can still be satisfied knowing you\’ ve done your personal look by yourself- and on the cheap to boot.
recycling became fashionable during the ___.
1990s
1980s
1970s
10．Bargain Fashion
I Scavenging for hand-me-downs is a way of life for those who have few resources and need to put clothes on their backs. For others on the high consumer end, even though they have more income, it\’s become a pastime. It \’ s fun , it\’s challenging and the clothes , they believe , make a fashion statement. Rummaging through thrift shops, combing weekend flea markets and yard sales , visiting vintage fashion stores, and even surfing the Internet has become a passion for people seeking out fashion treasures on the cheap.
2 Some like to think of it as frugal living – a careful or thrifty way to live , a way to protect both their pocketbook· and the environment. With the growing concern for waste, some people feel this is one way they can do their part by recycling and reusing. In San Francisco, California , there are 1500 recycle shops, selling everything from used refrigerators to designer evening gowns. San Diego , California, boasts more than 2, 000 secondhand shops along with a quarterly newspaper called \”Second Hand News\” with a readership of thousands of people. This 56-page publication contains information on store listings , shop ratings , coming events, arid news of trends in recycling. People from all sectors of society read \”Second Hand News\” to learn about what\’ s happening in the secondhand scene. The interest is growing in the use of these shops – some drop off their goods that they no longer want or need , some come to browse and see what it\’s all about, others come to search for that piece of clothing that will make them stand out in a crowd.
3 Recycle centers and shops originated through community service organizations such as the YMCA, Salvation Army, Good Will and church groups. One such organization , the St.Vincent De Paul in San Diego. got its start in 1948 and is still doing a booming business today. Organizations such as these offer a wide range of goods and products from used household items to baby clothes. In many urban centers these types of shops cater to the needier segment of the population.
4 But as recycling became fashionable during the 1980s , individuals opened secondhand shops geared to the middle and even upper classes of society. Shops like \”Michael’s\” in downtown San Diego, Auntie Helen\’s in New York, and Brother Bennie \’ s in Los Angeles specialize in vintage clothing and accessories for both men and women. They claim to stock secondhand goods of the\” finest quality\” at low prices. \”Choosing an evening gown at Michael\’s is almost like shopping at Harrods in London or Barney\’s in New York, except it\’s a lot more exciting,\” says Gennie, a fashion model based in San Diego. \”You can choose from clothes that lots of famous people owned, and there\’ s a seamstress right there. to make adjustments. You even get the option of a full refund up to 1~ 1/2 hours after a purchase if you get it home and decide it\’ s really not for you ,\” she explains.
5 The recycle craze is not just all happening in the United States, it seems to have taken much of the whole world by storm. Some people in Tokyo, Japan make their living by what they call \”thrifting\”: Designers hire them to shop for treasures , which then form the basis of their next fashion collection. James Ashton says he\’ s become a professional scour. \”I go to clubs to see what the kids are wearing , then hunt down old fabric , a belt buckle or a cool sweater pattern at a flea market,\” he explains. The designer then invents a new look using the goods the scout has gathered. \”Some are fashion wizards , others become famous just by copying thrift items,\” says Ashton.
6 In London , England, hunting for vintage clothing and jewelry has become the in-thing to do. Helen, of Helen Uffner Vintage Clothing , has a huge collection of garments from 1850 through the 1970s , some of which are for sale , others she rents out for use in feature films. \”A number of the costumes for Out of Africa , which set off a Safari fad , came from my collection ,\” she exclaims. As your eye passes over the goods in her shop you can guess that a vintage shoe collector would be delighted to see her shoe collection. On the rack are a pair of 1970s Charles Jourdan platform shoes with carved wooden chunky heels and braided, yellow patent leather straps. That same chunky look was revived in 1997 , a hot item in fashion circles the n. Now she says , \”This pair is just waiting for the right foot. \”
7 The idea is to take fragments of the past to create an image for yourself. The look may or may not be selling in the designer boutique down the street , but you can still be satisfied knowing you\’ ve done your personal look by yourself- and on the cheap to boot.
recycle centers were started by ___ who collected and sold all sorts of goods.____
department stores
local shops
community service groups
11．Bargain Fashion
I Scavenging for hand-me-downs is a way of life for those who have few resources and need to put clothes on their backs. For others on the high consumer end, even though they have more income, it\’s become a pastime. It \’ s fun , it\’s challenging and the clothes , they believe , make a fashion statement. Rummaging through thrift shops, combing weekend flea markets and yard sales , visiting vintage fashion stores, and even surfing the Internet has become a passion for people seeking out fashion treasures on the cheap.
2 Some like to think of it as frugal living – a careful or thrifty way to live , a way to protect both their pocketbook· and the environment. With the growing concern for waste, some people feel this is one way they can do their part by recycling and reusing. In San Francisco, California , there are 1500 recycle shops, selling everything from used refrigerators to designer evening gowns. San Diego , California, boasts more than 2, 000 secondhand shops along with a quarterly newspaper called \”Second Hand News\” with a readership of thousands of people. This 56-page publication contains information on store listings , shop ratings , coming events, arid news of trends in recycling. People from all sectors of society read \”Second Hand News\” to learn about what\’ s happening in the secondhand scene. The interest is growing in the use of these shops – some drop off their goods that they no longer want or need , some come to browse and see what it\’s all about, others come to search for that piece of clothing that will make them stand out in a crowd.
3 Recycle centers and shops originated through community service organizations such as the YMCA, Salvation Army, Good Will and church groups. One such organization , the St.Vincent De Paul in San Diego. got its start in 1948 and is still doing a booming business today. Organizations such as these offer a wide range of goods and products from used household items to baby clothes. In many urban centers these types of shops cater to the needier segment of the population.
4 But as recycling became fashionable during the 1980s , individuals opened secondhand shops geared to the middle and even upper classes of society. Shops like \”Michael’s\” in downtown San Diego, Auntie Helen\’s in New York, and Brother Bennie \’ s in Los Angeles specialize in vintage clothing and accessories for both men and women. They claim to stock secondhand goods of the\” finest quality\” at low prices. \”Choosing an evening gown at Michael\’s is almost like shopping at Harrods in London or Barney\’s in New York, except it\’s a lot more exciting,\” says Gennie, a fashion model based in San Diego. \”You can choose from clothes that lots of famous people owned, and there\’ s a seamstress right there. to make adjustments. You even get the option of a full refund up to 1~ 1/2 hours after a purchase if you get it home and decide it\’ s really not for you ,\” she explains.
5 The recycle craze is not just all happening in the United States, it seems to have taken much of the whole world by storm. Some people in Tokyo, Japan make their living by what they call \”thrifting\”: Designers hire them to shop for treasures , which then form the basis of their next fashion collection. James Ashton says he\’ s become a professional scour. \”I go to clubs to see what the kids are wearing , then hunt down old fabric , a belt buckle or a cool sweater pattern at a flea market,\” he explains. The designer then invents a new look using the goods the scout has gathered. \”Some are fashion wizards , others become famous just by copying thrift items,\” says Ashton.
6 In London , England, hunting for vintage clothing and jewelry has become the in-thing to do. Helen, of Helen Uffner Vintage Clothing , has a huge collection of garments from 1850 through the 1970s , some of which are for sale , others she rents out for use in feature films. \”A number of the costumes for Out of Africa , which set off a Safari fad , came from my collection ,\” she exclaims. As your eye passes over the goods in her shop you can guess that a vintage shoe collector would be delighted to see her shoe collection. On the rack are a pair of 1970s Charles Jourdan platform shoes with carved wooden chunky heels and braided, yellow patent leather straps. That same chunky look was revived in 1997 , a hot item in fashion circles the n. Now she says , \”This pair is just waiting for the right foot. \”
7 The idea is to take fragments of the past to create an image for yourself. The look may or may not be selling in the designer boutique down the street , but you can still be satisfied knowing you\’ ve done your personal look by yourself- and on the cheap to boot.
comb means___ (paragraph 1)
to tidy or straighten (esp. the hair) with the comb
to search a place thoroughly
to find and get rid of (unnecessary people or things)
12．Bargain Fashion
I Scavenging for hand-me-downs is a way of life for those who have few resources and need to put clothes on their backs. For others on the high consumer end, even though they have more income, it\’s become a pastime. It \’ s fun , it\’s challenging and the clothes , they believe , make a fashion statement. Rummaging through thrift shops, combing weekend flea markets and yard sales , visiting vintage fashion stores, and even surfing the Internet has become a passion for people seeking out fashion treasures on the cheap.
2 Some like to think of it as frugal living – a careful or thrifty way to live , a way to protect both their pocketbook· and the environment. With the growing concern for waste, some people feel this is one way they can do their part by recycling and reusing. In San Francisco, California , there are 1500 recycle shops, selling everything from used refrigerators to designer evening gowns. San Diego , California, boasts more than 2, 000 secondhand shops along with a quarterly newspaper called \”Second Hand News\” with a readership of thousands of people. This 56-page publication contains information on store listings , shop ratings , coming events, arid news of trends in recycling. People from all sectors of society read \”Second Hand News\” to learn about what\’ s happening in the secondhand scene. The interest is growing in the use of these shops – some drop off their goods that they no longer want or need , some come to browse and see what it\’s all about, others come to search for that piece of clothing that will make them stand out in a crowd.
3 Recycle centers and shops originated through community service organizations such as the YMCA, Salvation Army, Good Will and church groups. One such organization , the St.Vincent De Paul in San Diego. got its start in 1948 and is still doing a booming business today. Organizations such as these offer a wide range of goods and products from used household items to baby clothes. In many urban centers these types of shops cater to the needier segment of the population.
4 But as recycling became fashionable during the 1980s , individuals opened secondhand shops geared to the middle and even upper classes of society. Shops like \”Michael’s\” in downtown San Diego, Auntie Helen\’s in New York, and Brother Bennie \’ s in Los Angeles specialize in vintage clothing and accessories for both men and women. They claim to stock secondhand goods of the\” finest quality\” at low prices. \”Choosing an evening gown at Michael\’s is almost like shopping at Harrods in London or Barney\’s in New York, except it\’s a lot more exciting,\” says Gennie, a fashion model based in San Diego. \”You can choose from clothes that lots of famous people owned, and there\’ s a seamstress right there. to make adjustments. You even get the option of a full refund up to 1~ 1/2 hours after a purchase if you get it home and decide it\’ s really not for you ,\” she explains.
5 The recycle craze is not just all happening in the United States, it seems to have taken much of the whole world by storm. Some people in Tokyo, Japan make their living by what they call \”thrifting\”: Designers hire them to shop for treasures , which then form the basis of their next fashion collection. James Ashton says he\’ s become a professional scour. \”I go to clubs to see what the kids are wearing , then hunt down old fabric , a belt buckle or a cool sweater pattern at a flea market,\” he explains. The designer then invents a new look using the goods the scout has gathered. \”Some are fashion wizards , others become famous just by copying thrift items,\” says Ashton.
6 In London , England, hunting for vintage clothing and jewelry has become the in-thing to do. Helen, of Helen Uffner Vintage Clothing , has a huge collection of garments from 1850 through the 1970s , some of which are for sale , others she rents out for use in feature films. \”A number of the costumes for Out of Africa , which set off a Safari fad , came from my collection ,\” she exclaims. As your eye passes over the goods in her shop you can guess that a vintage shoe collector would be delighted to see her shoe collection. On the rack are a pair of 1970s Charles Jourdan platform shoes with carved wooden chunky heels and braided, yellow patent leather straps. That same chunky look was revived in 1997 , a hot item in fashion circles the n. Now she says , \”This pair is just waiting for the right foot. \”
7 The idea is to take fragments of the past to create an image for yourself. The look may or may not be selling in the designer boutique down the street , but you can still be satisfied knowing you\’ ve done your personal look by yourself- and on the cheap to boot.
chunky means ___(paragraph 6)
(of a person. esp. a man) having a broad chest and strong-looking body. and
not very tall
short. thick. and solid
(of materials. clothes. etc. ) thick and heavy
13．Bargain Fashion
I Scavenging for hand-me-downs is a way of life for those who have few resources and need to put clothes on their backs. For others on the high consumer end, even though they have more income, it\’s become a pastime. It \’ s fun , it\’s challenging and the clothes , they believe , make a fashion statement. Rummaging through thrift shops, combing weekend flea markets and yard sales , visiting vintage fashion stores, and even surfing the Internet has become a passion for people seeking out fashion treasures on the cheap.
2 Some like to think of it as frugal living – a careful or thrifty way to live , a way to protect both their pocketbook· and the environment. With the growing concern for waste, some people feel this is one way they can do their part by recycling and reusing. In San Francisco, California , there are 1500 recycle shops, selling everything from used refrigerators to designer evening gowns. San Diego , California, boasts more than 2, 000 secondhand shops along with a quarterly newspaper called \”Second Hand News\” with a readership of thousands of people. This 56-page publication contains information on store listings , shop ratings , coming events, arid news of trends in recycling. People from all sectors of society read \”Second Hand News\” to learn about what\’ s happening in the secondhand scene. The interest is growing in the use of these shops – some drop off their goods that they no longer want or need , some come to browse and see what it\’s all about, others come to search for that piece of clothing that will make them stand out in a crowd.
3 Recycle centers and shops originated through community service organizations such as the YMCA, Salvation Army, Good Will and church groups. One such organization , the St.Vincent De Paul in San Diego. got its start in 1948 and is still doing a booming business today. Organizations such as these offer a wide range of goods and products from used household items to baby clothes. In many urban centers these types of shops cater to the needier segment of the population.
4 But as recycling became fashionable during the 1980s , individuals opened secondhand shops geared to the middle and even upper classes of society. Shops like \”Michael’s\” in downtown San Diego, Auntie Helen\’s in New York, and Brother Bennie \’ s in Los Angeles specialize in vintage clothing and accessories for both men and women. They claim to stock secondhand goods of the\” finest quality\” at low prices. \”Choosing an evening gown at Michael\’s is almost like shopping at Harrods in London or Barney\’s in New York, except it\’s a lot more exciting,\” says Gennie, a fashion model based in San Diego. \”You can choose from clothes that lots of famous people owned, and there\’ s a seamstress right there. to make adjustments. You even get the option of a full refund up to 1~ 1/2 hours after a purchase if you get it home and decide it\’ s really not for you ,\” she explains.
5 The recycle craze is not just all happening in the United States, it seems to have taken much of the whole world by storm. Some people in Tokyo, Japan make their living by what they call \”thrifting\”: Designers hire them to shop for treasures , which then form the basis of their next fashion collection. James Ashton says he\’ s become a professional scour. \”I go to clubs to see what the kids are wearing , then hunt down old fabric , a belt buckle or a cool sweater pattern at a flea market,\” he explains. The designer then invents a new look using the goods the scout has gathered. \”Some are fashion wizards , others become famous just by copying thrift items,\” says Ashton.
6 In London , England, hunting for vintage clothing and jewelry has become the in-thing to do. Helen, of Helen Uffner Vintage Clothing , has a huge collection of garments from 1850 through the 1970s , some of which are for sale , others she rents out for use in feature films. \”A number of the costumes for Out of Africa , which set off a Safari fad , came from my collection ,\” she exclaims. As your eye passes over the goods in her shop you can guess that a vintage shoe collector would be delighted to see her shoe collection. On the rack are a pair of 1970s Charles Jourdan platform shoes with carved wooden chunky heels and braided, yellow patent leather straps. That same chunky look was revived in 1997 , a hot item in fashion circles the n. Now she says , \”This pair is just waiting for the right foot. \”
7 The idea is to take fragments of the past to create an image for yourself. The look may or may not be selling in the designer boutique down the street , but you can still be satisfied knowing you\’ ve done your personal look by yourself- and on the cheap to boot.
set off means ___ (paragraph 6)
to begin a journey
to cause ( sudden activity)
to cause to explode
14．Bargain Fashion
I Scavenging for hand-me-downs is a way of life for those who have few resources and need to put clothes on their backs. For others on the high consumer end, even though they have more income, it\’s become a pastime. It \’ s fun , it\’s challenging and the clothes , they believe , make a fashion statement. Rummaging through thrift shops, combing weekend flea markets and yard sales , visiting vintage fashion stores, and even surfing the Internet has become a passion for people seeking out fashion treasures on the cheap.
2 Some like to think of it as frugal living – a careful or thrifty way to live , a way to protect both their pocketbook· and the environment. With the growing concern for waste, some people feel this is one way they can do their part by recycling and reusing. In San Francisco, California , there are 1500 recycle shops, selling everything from used refrigerators to designer evening gowns. San Diego , California, boasts more than 2, 000 secondhand shops along with a quarterly newspaper called \”Second Hand News\” with a readership of thousands of people. This 56-page publication contains information on store listings , shop ratings , coming events, arid news of trends in recycling. People from all sectors of society read \”Second Hand News\” to learn about what\’ s happening in the secondhand scene. The interest is growing in the use of these shops – some drop off their goods that they no longer want or need , some come to browse and see what it\’s all about, others come to search for that piece of clothing that will make them stand out in a crowd.
3 Recycle centers and shops originated through community service organizations such as the YMCA, Salvation Army, Good Will and church groups. One such organization , the St.Vincent De Paul in San Diego. got its start in 1948 and is still doing a booming business today. Organizations such as these offer a wide range of goods and products from used household items to baby clothes. In many urban centers these types of shops cater to the needier segment of the population.
4 But as recycling became fashionable during the 1980s , individuals opened secondhand shops geared to the middle and even upper classes of society. Shops like \”Michael’s\” in downtown San Diego, Auntie Helen\’s in New York, and Brother Bennie \’ s in Los Angeles specialize in vintage clothing and accessories for both men and women. They claim to stock secondhand goods of the\” finest quality\” at low prices. \”Choosing an evening gown at Michael\’s is almost like shopping at Harrods in London or Barney\’s in New York, except it\’s a lot more exciting,\” says Gennie, a fashion model based in San Diego. \”You can choose from clothes that lots of famous people owned, and there\’ s a seamstress right there. to make adjustments. You even get the option of a full refund up to 1~ 1/2 hours after a purchase if you get it home and decide it\’ s really not for you ,\” she explains.
5 The recycle craze is not just all happening in the United States, it seems to have taken much of the whole world by storm. Some people in Tokyo, Japan make their living by what they call \”thrifting\”: Designers hire them to shop for treasures , which then form the basis of their next fashion collection. James Ashton says he\’ s become a professional scour. \”I go to clubs to see what the kids are wearing , then hunt down old fabric , a belt buckle or a cool sweater pattern at a flea market,\” he explains. The designer then invents a new look using the goods the scout has gathered. \”Some are fashion wizards , others become famous just by copying thrift items,\” says Ashton.
6 In London , England, hunting for vintage clothing and jewelry has become the in-thing to do. Helen, of Helen Uffner Vintage Clothing , has a huge collection of garments from 1850 through the 1970s , some of which are for sale , others she rents out for use in feature films. \”A number of the costumes for Out of Africa , which set off a Safari fad , came from my collection ,\” she exclaims. As your eye passes over the goods in her shop you can guess that a vintage shoe collector would be delighted to see her shoe collection. On the rack are a pair of 1970s Charles Jourdan platform shoes with carved wooden chunky heels and braided, yellow patent leather straps. That same chunky look was revived in 1997 , a hot item in fashion circles the n. Now she says , \”This pair is just waiting for the right foot. \”
7 The idea is to take fragments of the past to create an image for yourself. The look may or may not be selling in the designer boutique down the street , but you can still be satisfied knowing you\’ ve done your personal look by yourself- and on the cheap to boot.
copy means ___ (paragraph 5)
to follow (someone or something) as a standard or pattern
to make a copy of
to cheat by writing (exactly the same thing) as someone else
15．Bargain Fashion
I Scavenging for hand-me-downs is a way of life for those who have few resources and need to put clothes on their backs. For others on the high consumer end, even though they have more income, it\’s become a pastime. It \’ s fun , it\’s challenging and the clothes , they believe , make a fashion statement. Rummaging through thrift shops, combing weekend flea markets and yard sales , visiting vintage fashion stores, and even surfing the Internet has become a passion for people seeking out fashion treasures on the cheap.
2 Some like to think of it as frugal living – a careful or thrifty way to live , a way to protect both their pocketbook· and the environment. With the growing concern for waste, some people feel this is one way they can do their part by recycling and reusing. In San Francisco, California , there are 1500 recycle shops, selling everything from used refrigerators to designer evening gowns. San Diego , California, boasts more than 2, 000 secondhand shops along with a quarterly newspaper called \”Second Hand News\” with a readership of thousands of people. This 56-page publication contains information on store listings , shop ratings , coming events, arid news of trends in recycling. People from all sectors of society read \”Second Hand News\” to learn about what\’ s happening in the secondhand scene. The interest is growing in the use of these shops – some drop off their goods that they no longer want or need , some come to browse and see what it\’s all about, others come to search for that piece of clothing that will make them stand out in a crowd.
3 Recycle centers and shops originated through community service organizations such as the YMCA, Salvation Army, Good Will and church groups. One such organization , the St.Vincent De Paul in San Diego. got its start in 1948 and is still doing a booming business today. Organizations such as these offer a wide range of goods and products from used household items to baby clothes. In many urban centers these types of shops cater to the needier segment of the population.
4 But as recycling became fashionable during the 1980s , individuals opened secondhand shops geared to the middle and even upper classes of society. Shops like \”Michael’s\” in downtown San Diego, Auntie Helen\’s in New York, and Brother Bennie \’ s in Los Angeles specialize in vintage clothing and accessories for both men and women. They claim to stock secondhand goods of the\” finest quality\” at low prices. \”Choosing an evening gown at Michael\’s is almost like shopping at Harrods in London or Barney\’s in New York, except it\’s a lot more exciting,\” says Gennie, a fashion model based in San Diego. \”You can choose from clothes that lots of famous people owned, and there\’ s a seamstress right there. to make adjustments. You even get the option of a full refund up to 1~ 1/2 hours after a purchase if you get it home and decide it\’ s really not for you ,\” she explains.
5 The recycle craze is not just all happening in the United States, it seems to have taken much of the whole world by storm. Some people in Tokyo, Japan make their living by what they call \”thrifting\”: Designers hire them to shop for treasures , which then form the basis of their next fashion collection. James Ashton says he\’ s become a professional scour. \”I go to clubs to see what the kids are wearing , then hunt down old fabric , a belt buckle or a cool sweater pattern at a flea market,\” he explains. The designer then invents a new look using the goods the scout has gathered. \”Some are fashion wizards , others become famous just by copying thrift items,\” says Ashton.
6 In London , England, hunting for vintage clothing and jewelry has become the in-thing to do. Helen, of Helen Uffner Vintage Clothing , has a huge collection of garments from 1850 through the 1970s , some of which are for sale , others she rents out for use in feature films. \”A number of the costumes for Out of Africa , which set off a Safari fad , came from my collection ,\” she exclaims. As your eye passes over the goods in her shop you can guess that a vintage shoe collector would be delighted to see her shoe collection. On the rack are a pair of 1970s Charles Jourdan platform shoes with carved wooden chunky heels and braided, yellow patent leather straps. That same chunky look was revived in 1997 , a hot item in fashion circles the n. Now she says , \”This pair is just waiting for the right foot. \”
7 The idea is to take fragments of the past to create an image for yourself. The look may or may not be selling in the designer boutique down the street , but you can still be satisfied knowing you\’ ve done your personal look by yourself- and on the cheap to boot.
wizard means ___ (paragraph 5)
(esp. in stories) a man who has magic powers
a very strange person
a person with unusual , almost magical , abilities
16．Bargain Fashion
I Scavenging for hand-me-downs is a way of life for those who have few resources and need to put clothes on their backs. For others on the high consumer end, even though they have more income, it\’s become a pastime. It \’ s fun , it\’s challenging and the clothes , they believe , make a fashion statement. Rummaging through thrift shops, combing weekend flea markets and yard sales , visiting vintage fashion stores, and even surfing the Internet has become a passion for people seeking out fashion treasures on the cheap.
2 Some like to think of it as frugal living – a careful or thrifty way to live , a way to protect both their pocketbook· and the environment. With the growing concern for waste, some people feel this is one way they can do their part by recycling and reusing. In San Francisco, California , there are 1500 recycle shops, selling everything from used refrigerators to designer evening gowns. San Diego , California, boasts more than 2, 000 secondhand shops along with a quarterly newspaper called \”Second Hand News\” with a readership of thousands of people. This 56-page publication contains information on store listings , shop ratings , coming events, arid news of trends in recycling. People from all sectors of society read \”Second Hand News\” to learn about what\’ s happening in the secondhand scene. The interest is growing in the use of these shops – some drop off their goods that they no longer want or need , some come to browse and see what it\’s all about, others come to search for that piece of clothing that will make them stand out in a crowd.
3 Recycle centers and shops originated through community service organizations such as the YMCA, Salvation Army, Good Will and church groups. One such organization , the St.Vincent De Paul in San Diego. got its start in 1948 and is still doing a booming business today. Organizations such as these offer a wide range of goods and products from used household items to baby clothes. In many urban centers these types of shops cater to the needier segment of the population.
4 But as recycling became fashionable during the 1980s , individuals opened secondhand shops geared to the middle and even upper classes of society. Shops like \”Michael’s\” in downtown San Diego, Auntie Helen\’s in New York, and Brother Bennie \’ s in Los Angeles specialize in vintage clothing and accessories for both men and women. They claim to stock secondhand goods of the\” finest quality\” at low prices. \”Choosing an evening gown at Michael\’s is almost like shopping at Harrods in London or Barney\’s in New York, except it\’s a lot more exciting,\” says Gennie, a fashion model based in San Diego. \”You can choose from clothes that lots of famous people owned, and there\’ s a seamstress right there. to make adjustments. You even get the option of a full refund up to 1~ 1/2 hours after a purchase if you get it home and decide it\’ s really not for you ,\” she explains.
5 The recycle craze is not just all happening in the United States, it seems to have taken much of the whole world by storm. Some people in Tokyo, Japan make their living by what they call \”thrifting\”: Designers hire them to shop for treasures , which then form the basis of their next fashion collection. James Ashton says he\’ s become a professional scour. \”I go to clubs to see what the kids are wearing , then hunt down old fabric , a belt buckle or a cool sweater pattern at a flea market,\” he explains. The designer then invents a new look using the goods the scout has gathered. \”Some are fashion wizards , others become famous just by copying thrift items,\” says Ashton.
6 In London , England, hunting for vintage clothing and jewelry has become the in-thing to do. Helen, of Helen Uffner Vintage Clothing , has a huge collection of garments from 1850 through the 1970s , some of which are for sale , others she rents out for use in feature films. \”A number of the costumes for Out of Africa , which set off a Safari fad , came from my collection ,\” she exclaims. As your eye passes over the goods in her shop you can guess that a vintage shoe collector would be delighted to see her shoe collection. On the rack are a pair of 1970s Charles Jourdan platform shoes with carved wooden chunky heels and braided, yellow patent leather straps. That same chunky look was revived in 1997 , a hot item in fashion circles the n. Now she says , \”This pair is just waiting for the right foot. \”
7 The idea is to take fragments of the past to create an image for yourself. The look may or may not be selling in the designer boutique down the street , but you can still be satisfied knowing you\’ ve done your personal look by yourself- and on the cheap to boot.
craze means ___(paragraph 5)
madness
a very popular fashion that usually only lasts for a very short time
wild excitement
17．Bargain Fashion
I Scavenging for hand-me-downs is a way of life for those who have few resources and need to put clothes on their backs. For others on the high consumer end, even though they have more income, it\’s become a pastime. It \’ s fun , it\’s challenging and the clothes , they believe , make a fashion statement. Rummaging through thrift shops, combing weekend flea markets and yard sales , visiting vintage fashion stores, and even surfing the Internet has become a passion for people seeking out fashion treasures on the cheap.
2 Some like to think of it as frugal living – a careful or thrifty way to live , a way to protect both their pocketbook· and the environment. With the growing concern for waste, some people feel this is one way they can do their part by recycling and reusing. In San Francisco, California , there are 1500 recycle shops, selling everything from used refrigerators to designer evening gowns. San Diego , California, boasts more than 2, 000 secondhand shops along with a quarterly newspaper called \”Second Hand News\” with a readership of thousands of people. This 56-page publication contains information on store listings , shop ratings , coming events, arid news of trends in recycling. People from all sectors of society read \”Second Hand News\” to learn about what\’ s happening in the secondhand scene. The interest is growing in the use of these shops – some drop off their goods that they no longer want or need , some come to browse and see what it\’s all about, others come to search for that piece of clothing that will make them stand out in a crowd.
3 Recycle centers and shops originated through community service organizations such as the YMCA, Salvation Army, Good Will and church groups. One such organization , the St.Vincent De Paul in San Diego. got its start in 1948 and is still doing a booming business today. Organizations such as these offer a wide range of goods and products from used household items to baby clothes. In many urban centers these types of shops cater to the needier segment of the population.
4 But as recycling became fashionable during the 1980s , individuals opened secondhand shops geared to the middle and even upper classes of society. Shops like \”Michael’s\” in downtown San Diego, Auntie Helen\’s in New York, and Brother Bennie \’ s in Los Angeles specialize in vintage clothing and accessories for both men and women. They claim to stock secondhand goods of the\” finest quality\” at low prices. \”Choosing an evening gown at Michael\’s is almost like shopping at Harrods in London or Barney\’s in New York, except it\’s a lot more exciting,\” says Gennie, a fashion model based in San Diego. \”You can choose from clothes that lots of famous people owned, and there\’ s a seamstress right there. to make adjustments. You even get the option of a full refund up to 1~ 1/2 hours after a purchase if you get it home and decide it\’ s really not for you ,\” she explains.
5 The recycle craze is not just all happening in the United States, it seems to have taken much of the whole world by storm. Some people in Tokyo, Japan make their living by what they call \”thrifting\”: Designers hire them to shop for treasures , which then form the basis of their next fashion collection. James Ashton says he\’ s become a professional scour. \”I go to clubs to see what the kids are wearing , then hunt down old fabric , a belt buckle or a cool sweater pattern at a flea market,\” he explains. The designer then invents a new look using the goods the scout has gathered. \”Some are fashion wizards , others become famous just by copying thrift items,\” says Ashton.
6 In London , England, hunting for vintage clothing and jewelry has become the in-thing to do. Helen, of Helen Uffner Vintage Clothing , has a huge collection of garments from 1850 through the 1970s , some of which are for sale , others she rents out for use in feature films. \”A number of the costumes for Out of Africa , which set off a Safari fad , came from my collection ,\” she exclaims. As your eye passes over the goods in her shop you can guess that a vintage shoe collector would be delighted to see her shoe collection. On the rack are a pair of 1970s Charles Jourdan platform shoes with carved wooden chunky heels and braided, yellow patent leather straps. That same chunky look was revived in 1997 , a hot item in fashion circles the n. Now she says , \”This pair is just waiting for the right foot. \”
7 The idea is to take fragments of the past to create an image for yourself. The look may or may not be selling in the designer boutique down the street , but you can still be satisfied knowing you\’ ve done your personal look by yourself- and on the cheap to boot.
vintage means ___(paragraph 4)
of high quality and lasting value
showing all the best qualities of the work of (the stated person)
made between 1919 and 1030
18．Bargain Fashion
I Scavenging for hand-me-downs is a way of life for those who have few resources and need to put clothes on their backs. For others on the high consumer end, even though they have more income, it\’s become a pastime. It \’ s fun , it\’s challenging and the clothes , they believe , make a fashion statement. Rummaging through thrift shops, combing weekend flea markets and yard sales , visiting vintage fashion stores, and even surfing the Internet has become a passion for people seeking out fashion treasures on the cheap.
2 Some like to think of it as frugal living – a careful or thrifty way to live , a way to protect both their pocketbook· and the environment. With the growing concern for waste, some people feel this is one way they can do their part by recycling and reusing. In San Francisco, California , there are 1500 recycle shops, selling everything from used refrigerators to designer evening gowns. San Diego , California, boasts more than 2, 000 secondhand shops along with a quarterly newspaper called \”Second Hand News\” with a readership of thousands of people. This 56-page publication contains information on store listings , shop ratings , coming events, arid news of trends in recycling. People from all sectors of society read \”Second Hand News\” to learn about what\’ s happening in the secondhand scene. The interest is growing in the use of these shops – some drop off their goods that they no longer want or need , some come to browse and see what it\’s all about, others come to search for that piece of clothing that will make them stand out in a crowd.
3 Recycle centers and shops originated through community service organizations such as the YMCA, Salvation Army, Good Will and church groups. One such organization , the St.Vincent De Paul in San Diego. got its start in 1948 and is still doing a booming business today. Organizations such as these offer a wide range of goods and products from used household items to baby clothes. In many urban centers these types of shops cater to the needier segment of the population.
4 But as recycling became fashionable during the 1980s , individuals opened secondhand shops geared to the middle and even upper classes of society. Shops like \”Michael’s\” in downtown San Diego, Auntie Helen\’s in New York, and Brother Bennie \’ s in Los Angeles specialize in vintage clothing and accessories for both men and women. They claim to stock secondhand goods of the\” finest quality\” at low prices. \”Choosing an evening gown at Michael\’s is almost like shopping at Harrods in London or Barney\’s in New York, except it\’s a lot more exciting,\” says Gennie, a fashion model based in San Diego. \”You can choose from clothes that lots of famous people owned, and there\’ s a seamstress right there. to make adjustments. You even get the option of a full refund up to 1~ 1/2 hours after a purchase if you get it home and decide it\’ s really not for you ,\” she explains.
5 The recycle craze is not just all happening in the United States, it seems to have taken much of the whole world by storm. Some people in Tokyo, Japan make their living by what they call \”thrifting\”: Designers hire them to shop for treasures , which then form the basis of their next fashion collection. James Ashton says he\’ s become a professional scour. \”I go to clubs to see what the kids are wearing , then hunt down old fabric , a belt buckle or a cool sweater pattern at a flea market,\” he explains. The designer then invents a new look using the goods the scout has gathered. \”Some are fashion wizards , others become famous just by copying thrift items,\” says Ashton.
6 In London , England, hunting for vintage clothing and jewelry has become the in-thing to do. Helen, of Helen Uffner Vintage Clothing , has a huge collection of garments from 1850 through the 1970s , some of which are for sale , others she rents out for use in feature films. \”A number of the costumes for Out of Africa , which set off a Safari fad , came from my collection ,\” she exclaims. As your eye passes over the goods in her shop you can guess that a vintage shoe collector would be delighted to see her shoe collection. On the rack are a pair of 1970s Charles Jourdan platform shoes with carved wooden chunky heels and braided, yellow patent leather straps. That same chunky look was revived in 1997 , a hot item in fashion circles the n. Now she says , \”This pair is just waiting for the right foot. \”
7 The idea is to take fragments of the past to create an image for yourself. The look may or may not be selling in the designer boutique down the street , but you can still be satisfied knowing you\’ ve done your personal look by yourself- and on the cheap to boot.
cater to means ___(paragraph 3)
to try to satisfy (desires or needs , esp. of a bad kind)
to provide and serve food and drinks , usually for payment
to provide what is needed or wanted by
19．Bargain Fashion
I Scavenging for hand-me-downs is a way of life for those who have few resources and need to put clothes on their backs. For others on the high consumer end, even though they have more income, it\’s become a pastime. It \’ s fun , it\’s challenging and the clothes , they believe , make a fashion statement. Rummaging through thrift shops, combing weekend flea markets and yard sales , visiting vintage fashion stores, and even surfing the Internet has become a passion for people seeking out fashion treasures on the cheap.
2 Some like to think of it as frugal living – a careful or thrifty way to live , a way to protect both their pocketbook· and the environment. With the growing concern for waste, some people feel this is one way they can do their part by recycling and reusing. In San Francisco, California , there are 1500 recycle shops, selling everything from used refrigerators to designer evening gowns. San Diego , California, boasts more than 2, 000 secondhand shops along with a quarterly newspaper called \”Second Hand News\” with a readership of thousands of people. This 56-page publication contains information on store listings , shop ratings , coming events, arid news of trends in recycling. People from all sectors of society read \”Second Hand News\” to learn about what\’ s happening in the secondhand scene. The interest is growing in the use of these shops – some drop off their goods that they no longer want or need , some come to browse and see what it\’s all about, others come to search for that piece of clothing that will make them stand out in a crowd.
3 Recycle centers and shops originated through community service organizations such as the YMCA, Salvation Army, Good Will and church groups. One such organization , the St.Vincent De Paul in San Diego. got its start in 1948 and is still doing a booming business today. Organizations such as these offer a wide range of goods and products from used household items to baby clothes. In many urban centers these types of shops cater to the needier segment of the population.
4 But as recycling became fashionable during the 1980s , individuals opened secondhand shops geared to the middle and even upper classes of society. Shops like \”Michael’s\” in downtown San Diego, Auntie Helen\’s in New York, and Brother Bennie \’ s in Los Angeles specialize in vintage clothing and accessories for both men and women. They claim to stock secondhand goods of the\” finest quality\” at low prices. \”Choosing an evening gown at Michael\’s is almost like shopping at Harrods in London or Barney\’s in New York, except it\’s a lot more exciting,\” says Gennie, a fashion model based in San Diego. \”You can choose from clothes that lots of famous people owned, and there\’ s a seamstress right there. to make adjustments. You even get the option of a full refund up to 1~ 1/2 hours after a purchase if you get it home and decide it\’ s really not for you ,\” she explains.
5 The recycle craze is not just all happening in the United States, it seems to have taken much of the whole world by storm. Some people in Tokyo, Japan make their living by what they call \”thrifting\”: Designers hire them to shop for treasures , which then form the basis of their next fashion collection. James Ashton says he\’ s become a professional scour. \”I go to clubs to see what the kids are wearing , then hunt down old fabric , a belt buckle or a cool sweater pattern at a flea market,\” he explains. The designer then invents a new look using the goods the scout has gathered. \”Some are fashion wizards , others become famous just by copying thrift items,\” says Ashton.
6 In London , England, hunting for vintage clothing and jewelry has become the in-thing to do. Helen, of Helen Uffner Vintage Clothing , has a huge collection of garments from 1850 through the 1970s , some of which are for sale , others she rents out for use in feature films. \”A number of the costumes for Out of Africa , which set off a Safari fad , came from my collection ,\” she exclaims. As your eye passes over the goods in her shop you can guess that a vintage shoe collector would be delighted to see her shoe collection. On the rack are a pair of 1970s Charles Jourdan platform shoes with carved wooden chunky heels and braided, yellow patent leather straps. That same chunky look was revived in 1997 , a hot item in fashion circles the n. Now she says , \”This pair is just waiting for the right foot. \”
7 The idea is to take fragments of the past to create an image for yourself. The look may or may not be selling in the designer boutique down the street , but you can still be satisfied knowing you\’ ve done your personal look by yourself- and on the cheap to boot.
stand out means ___ (paragraph 2)
to be firm in opposition
to be much better or the best
to be very noticeable
20．Bargain Fashion
I Scavenging for hand-me-downs is a way of life for those who have few resources and need to put clothes on their backs. For others on the high consumer end, even though they have more income, it\’s become a pastime. It \’ s fun , it\’s challenging and the clothes , they believe , make a fashion statement. Rummaging through thrift shops, combing weekend flea markets and yard sales , visiting vintage fashion stores, and even surfing the Internet has become a passion for people seeking out fashion treasures on the cheap.
2 Some like to think of it as frugal living – a careful or thrifty way to live , a way to protect both their pocketbook· and the environment. With the growing concern for waste, some people feel this is one way they can do their part by recycling and reusing. In San Francisco, California , there are 1500 recycle shops, selling everything from used refrigerators to designer evening gowns. San Diego , California, boasts more than 2, 000 secondhand shops along with a quarterly newspaper called \”Second Hand News\” with a readership of thousands of people. This 56-page publication contains information on store listings , shop ratings , coming events, arid news of trends in recycling. People from all sectors of society read \”Second Hand News\” to learn about what\’ s happening in the secondhand scene. The interest is growing in the use of these shops – some drop off their goods that they no longer want or need , some come to browse and see what it\’s all about, others come to search for that piece of clothing that will make them stand out in a crowd.
3 Recycle centers and shops originated through community service organizations such as the YMCA, Salvation Army, Good Will and church groups. One such organization , the St.Vincent De Paul in San Diego. got its start in 1948 and is still doing a booming business today. Organizations such as these offer a wide range of goods and products from used household items to baby clothes. In many urban centers these types of shops cater to the needier segment of the population.
4 But as recycling became fashionable during the 1980s , individuals opened secondhand shops geared to the middle and even upper classes of society. Shops like \”Michael’s\” in downtown San Diego, Auntie Helen\’s in New York, and Brother Bennie \’ s in Los Angeles specialize in vintage clothing and accessories for both men and women. They claim to stock secondhand goods of the\” finest quality\” at low prices. \”Choosing an evening gown at Michael\’s is almost like shopping at Harrods in London or Barney\’s in New York, except it\’s a lot more exciting,\” says Gennie, a fashion model based in San Diego. \”You can choose from clothes that lots of famous people owned, and there\’ s a seamstress right there. to make adjustments. You even get the option of a full refund up to 1~ 1/2 hours after a purchase if you get it home and decide it\’ s really not for you ,\” she explains.
5 The recycle craze is not just all happening in the United States, it seems to have taken much of the whole world by storm. Some people in Tokyo, Japan make their living by what they call \”thrifting\”: Designers hire them to shop for treasures , which then form the basis of their next fashion collection. James Ashton says he\’ s become a professional scour. \”I go to clubs to see what the kids are wearing , then hunt down old fabric , a belt buckle or a cool sweater pattern at a flea market,\” he explains. The designer then invents a new look using the goods the scout has gathered. \”Some are fashion wizards , others become famous just by copying thrift items,\” says Ashton.
6 In London , England, hunting for vintage clothing and jewelry has become the in-thing to do. Helen, of Helen Uffner Vintage Clothing , has a huge collection of garments from 1850 through the 1970s , some of which are for sale , others she rents out for use in feature films. \”A number of the costumes for Out of Africa , which set off a Safari fad , came from my collection ,\” she exclaims. As your eye passes over the goods in her shop you can guess that a vintage shoe collector would be delighted to see her shoe collection. On the rack are a pair of 1970s Charles Jourdan platform shoes with carved wooden chunky heels and braided, yellow patent leather straps. That same chunky look was revived in 1997 , a hot item in fashion circles the n. Now she says , \”This pair is just waiting for the right foot. \”
7 The idea is to take fragments of the past to create an image for yourself. The look may or may not be selling in the designer boutique down the street , but you can still be satisfied knowing you\’ ve done your personal look by yourself- and on the cheap to boot.
boast means ___ (paragraph 2)
to have or contain (something that is unusual or a cause of reasonable pride)
to talk or state with unpleasant or unreasonable pride
to talk nonsense
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21．Data on Ocean Floors
1 At the water\’ s edge of Baltimore Harbor , two freshly painted gray ships await to be
sent out on their next mission. These are the workhorses of the Information Revolution. They are wiring the world to meet the explosive and seemingly limitless demand for Internet , voice and video services , projected to be a $ 1 trillion-a-year global market by 2000. The two ships , C. S. Global Link and its companion the C. S. Global Mariner, are among the most technologically advanced vessels in the business of laying undersea fiber-optic communications cables. They are part of a worldwide fleet , owned by Tyco International Ltd. , that has installed more transoceanic fiber than any other company.
2 Most of the world\’ s telephone and Internet traffic courses through these hair thin
capillaries of glass , which stretch from one continent to another along the ocean floor. In constant pulses of light, coded in the computer language of ones and zeros , they flash millions of phone calls, electronic mail messages, video clips and World Wide Web pages at light speed.
3 Undersea fiber-optic cables have become one of the most crucial components of
today\’ s communications-based global economy, despite mìd-1960s predictions that satellites would make earthbound long-distance communications obsolete.
4 \”Most people really do not realize the amount of telephone cables that are undersea ,
and that their calls actually go through them,\” said Rob Jones , captain of the C. S. Global Link. There are 228 ,958 miles (368 ,472 kilometers) of fiber-optic cable on the floors of the world\’s sea , enough to encircle Earth almost 10 times, according to KMI Corp. of Rhode Island. Another 177,717 miles of cable are planned for installation worldwide by 2000 , KMI estimates.
5 That figure does not count the most ambitious program , Project Oxygen, which
backers describe as a $ 11 billion \”Super Internet\” that would pay out 198 , 841 miles of mainly undersea fiber-optic cable touching 175 countries. Oxygen already has the backing of 30 international tele-communications providers and is scheduled for completion in 2003. Project Oxygen is \”the most ambitious project of communications in the 20th century ,\” said President John Kestrel of KMI. The internet is a major driver of the expansion. The second driver is the need for video transmissions.
6 Global deregulation of telecommunications markets is also playing a key role in the subsea fiber boom. Phone companies around the world are rapidly going private and
governments are opening their markets to competition. Chinese officials , for example , cleverly played 14 competitors off each other in bids to build the first link between China and the United States- and then ultimately told them all to share the $ 1 billion contract.
7 Phrases such as \”quantum leap\” and \”orders of magnitude\” frequently come up in discussions about advances in undersea fiber optics. In 1998 , when glass fibers began to replace copper in telecommunications , people stopped talking in terms of hundreds of simultaneous phone calls per cable and started talking about tens of thousands. Scientists at companies such as Ciena Corp. of Maryland have more than quadrupled fiber-cable capacity by using lasers to split light into colors, sending data through each path in a process called \”wave division multiplexing. \” The newest trans-Atlantic cable can handle 2.4 million voice conversations at one time – or hundreds of thousands of compressed video images. The China-U. S. project will handle 4 million calls at once.
8 Lucent Technology Inc. , one of the leading fiber optic companies , unveiled the latest breakthrough. The ability to transmit as many as 10 million calls over a single fiber by dividing the strand into 80 separate wavelengths of light instead of 16. Lucent says the cable\’ s 400-gigabit (billions of computer instructions per second) speed is enough to carry the world\’ s Internet traffic at any given time on one fiber. One voice phone cal1 requires 64 ,000 bits. Is there any limit to the capacity increase? \”Absolutely not ,\” said Neil Tagare , Project Oxygen\’s founder and an undersea fiber veteran , \”There is in sight.\”
9 And as the boom in fiber-optics continues , the cost of fiber decreases. Each voice
circuit in a pre-fiber trans-At1antic cable in 1987 cost about $ 40 ,00 annually to build and maintain , Mr. Kessler said. Today , the cost has dropped to roughly to $ 100 to $ 200 per circuit , he said. The plunging costs , combined with deregulation and competition in phone markets , have made distance meaningless in communications – and the price of calls.
10 Aboard the C. S. Global Link , Captain Jones remains very busy. The ship returned
to Baltimore from the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean , after dropping 2 ,000 miles of cable from Bombay to Malaysia as part of another major project , called Fiber Link Around the Globe. Before Bombay, it helped to lay Atlantic Crossing. covering 3 ,557 miles of fiber-optic cables at an average speed of 6 knots over 21 days. It takes less than two months to install a trans-Atlantic cable. Ships use computers that are programmed to follow a specific route using global positioning satellite navigation systems. The routes are chosen after careful undersea topographical surveys that consider such factors as underwater earthquake faults , canyons and shipping and fishing routes. \”If global 1inks continue to grow as they have in the last decade , it\’ s going to get kind of crowded down there , \” says Jones.
by 2000, the information industry is projected to be a ____.
$ 2000 a-year global market
$1 trillion a-year global market
$ 14 billion a-year global market
22．Data on Ocean Floors
1 At the water\’ s edge of Baltimore Harbor , two freshly painted gray ships await to be
sent out on their next mission. These are the workhorses of the Information Revolution. They are wiring the world to meet the explosive and seemingly limitless demand for Internet , voice and video services , projected to be a $ 1 trillion-a-year global market by 2000. The two ships , C. S. Global Link and its companion the C. S. Global Mariner, are among the most technologically advanced vessels in the business of laying undersea fiber-optic communications cables. They are part of a worldwide fleet , owned by Tyco International Ltd. , that has installed more transoceanic fiber than any other company.
2 Most of the world\’ s telephone and Internet traffic courses through these hair thin
capillaries of glass , which stretch from one continent to another along the ocean floor. In constant pulses of light, coded in the computer language of ones and zeros , they flash millions of phone calls, electronic mail messages, video clips and World Wide Web pages at light speed.
3 Undersea fiber-optic cables have become one of the most crucial components of
today\’ s communications-based global economy, despite mìd-1960s predictions that satellites would make earthbound long-distance communications obsolete.
4 \”Most people really do not realize the amount of telephone cables that are undersea ,
and that their calls actually go through them,\” said Rob Jones , captain of the C. S. Global Link. There are 228 ,958 miles (368 ,472 kilometers) of fiber-optic cable on the floors of the world\’s sea , enough to encircle Earth almost 10 times, according to KMI Corp. of Rhode Island. Another 177,717 miles of cable are planned for installation worldwide by 2000 , KMI estimates.
5 That figure does not count the most ambitious program , Project Oxygen, which
backers describe as a $ 11 billion \”Super Internet\” that would pay out 198 , 841 miles of mainly undersea fiber-optic cable touching 175 countries. Oxygen already has the backing of 30 international tele-communications providers and is scheduled for completion in 2003. Project Oxygen is \”the most ambitious project of communications in the 20th century ,\” said President John Kestrel of KMI. The internet is a major driver of the expansion. The second driver is the need for video transmissions.
6 Global deregulation of telecommunications markets is also playing a key role in the subsea fiber boom. Phone companies around the world are rapidly going private and
governments are opening their markets to competition. Chinese officials , for example , cleverly played 14 competitors off each other in bids to build the first link between China and the United States- and then ultimately told them all to share the $ 1 billion contract.
7 Phrases such as \”quantum leap\” and \”orders of magnitude\” frequently come up in discussions about advances in undersea fiber optics. In 1998 , when glass fibers began to replace copper in telecommunications , people stopped talking in terms of hundreds of simultaneous phone calls per cable and started talking about tens of thousands. Scientists at companies such as Ciena Corp. of Maryland have more than quadrupled fiber-cable capacity by using lasers to split light into colors, sending data through each path in a process called \”wave division multiplexing. \” The newest trans-Atlantic cable can handle 2.4 million voice conversations at one time – or hundreds of thousands of compressed video images. The China-U. S. project will handle 4 million calls at once.
8 Lucent Technology Inc. , one of the leading fiber optic companies , unveiled the latest breakthrough. The ability to transmit as many as 10 million calls over a single fiber by dividing the strand into 80 separate wavelengths of light instead of 16. Lucent says the cable\’ s 400-gigabit (billions of computer instructions per second) speed is enough to carry the world\’ s Internet traffic at any given time on one fiber. One voice phone cal1 requires 64 ,000 bits. Is there any limit to the capacity increase? \”Absolutely not ,\” said Neil Tagare , Project Oxygen\’s founder and an undersea fiber veteran , \”There is in sight.\”
9 And as the boom in fiber-optics continues , the cost of fiber decreases. Each voice
circuit in a pre-fiber trans-At1antic cable in 1987 cost about $ 40 ,00 annually to build and maintain , Mr. Kessler said. Today , the cost has dropped to roughly to $ 100 to $ 200 per circuit , he said. The plunging costs , combined with deregulation and competition in phone markets , have made distance meaningless in communications – and the price of calls.
10 Aboard the C. S. Global Link , Captain Jones remains very busy. The ship returned
to Baltimore from the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean , after dropping 2 ,000 miles of cable from Bombay to Malaysia as part of another major project , called Fiber Link Around the Globe. Before Bombay, it helped to lay Atlantic Crossing. covering 3 ,557 miles of fiber-optic cables at an average speed of 6 knots over 21 days. It takes less than two months to install a trans-Atlantic cable. Ships use computers that are programmed to follow a specific route using global positioning satellite navigation systems. The routes are chosen after careful undersea topographical surveys that consider such factors as underwater earthquake faults , canyons and shipping and fishing routes. \”If global 1inks continue to grow as they have in the last decade , it\’ s going to get kind of crowded down there , \” says Jones.
the company that has laid the most transoceanic cable is ___.
S Global Mariner
KMI Corp
Tyco International Ltd.
23．Data on Ocean Floors
1 At the water\’ s edge of Baltimore Harbor , two freshly painted gray ships await to be
sent out on their next mission. These are the workhorses of the Information Revolution. They are wiring the world to meet the explosive and seemingly limitless demand for Internet , voice and video services , projected to be a $ 1 trillion-a-year global market by 2000. The two ships , C. S. Global Link and its companion the C. S. Global Mariner, are among the most technologically advanced vessels in the business of laying undersea fiber-optic communications cables. They are part of a worldwide fleet , owned by Tyco International Ltd. , that has installed more transoceanic fiber than any other company.
2 Most of the world\’ s telephone and Internet traffic courses through these hair thin
capillaries of glass , which stretch from one continent to another along the ocean floor. In constant pulses of light, coded in the computer language of ones and zeros , they flash millions of phone calls, electronic mail messages, video clips and World Wide Web pages at light speed.
3 Undersea fiber-optic cables have become one of the most crucial components of
today\’ s communications-based global economy, despite mìd-1960s predictions that satellites would make earthbound long-distance communications obsolete.
4 \”Most people really do not realize the amount of telephone cables that are undersea ,
and that their calls actually go through them,\” said Rob Jones , captain of the C. S. Global Link. There are 228 ,958 miles (368 ,472 kilometers) of fiber-optic cable on the floors of the world\’s sea , enough to encircle Earth almost 10 times, according to KMI Corp. of Rhode Island. Another 177,717 miles of cable are planned for installation worldwide by 2000 , KMI estimates.
5 That figure does not count the most ambitious program , Project Oxygen, which
backers describe as a $ 11 billion \”Super Internet\” that would pay out 198 , 841 miles of mainly undersea fiber-optic cable touching 175 countries. Oxygen already has the backing of 30 international tele-communications providers and is scheduled for completion in 2003. Project Oxygen is \”the most ambitious project of communications in the 20th century ,\” said President John Kestrel of KMI. The internet is a major driver of the expansion. The second driver is the need for video transmissions.
6 Global deregulation of telecommunications markets is also playing a key role in the subsea fiber boom. Phone companies around the world are rapidly going private and
governments are opening their markets to competition. Chinese officials , for example , cleverly played 14 competitors off each other in bids to build the first link between China and the United States- and then ultimately told them all to share the $ 1 billion contract.
7 Phrases such as \”quantum leap\” and \”orders of magnitude\” frequently come up in discussions about advances in undersea fiber optics. In 1998 , when glass fibers began to replace copper in telecommunications , people stopped talking in terms of hundreds of simultaneous phone calls per cable and started talking about tens of thousands. Scientists at companies such as Ciena Corp. of Maryland have more than quadrupled fiber-cable capacity by using lasers to split light into colors, sending data through each path in a process called \”wave division multiplexing. \” The newest trans-Atlantic cable can handle 2.4 million voice conversations at one time – or hundreds of thousands of compressed video images. The China-U. S. project will handle 4 million calls at once.
8 Lucent Technology Inc. , one of the leading fiber optic companies , unveiled the latest breakthrough. The ability to transmit as many as 10 million calls over a single fiber by dividing the strand into 80 separate wavelengths of light instead of 16. Lucent says the cable\’ s 400-gigabit (billions of computer instructions per second) speed is enough to carry the world\’ s Internet traffic at any given time on one fiber. One voice phone cal1 requires 64 ,000 bits. Is there any limit to the capacity increase? \”Absolutely not ,\” said Neil Tagare , Project Oxygen\’s founder and an undersea fiber veteran , \”There is in sight.\”
9 And as the boom in fiber-optics continues , the cost of fiber decreases. Each voice
circuit in a pre-fiber trans-At1antic cable in 1987 cost about $ 40 ,00 annually to build and maintain , Mr. Kessler said. Today , the cost has dropped to roughly to $ 100 to $ 200 per circuit , he said. The plunging costs , combined with deregulation and competition in phone markets , have made distance meaningless in communications – and the price of calls.
10 Aboard the C. S. Global Link , Captain Jones remains very busy. The ship returned
to Baltimore from the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean , after dropping 2 ,000 miles of cable from Bombay to Malaysia as part of another major project , called Fiber Link Around the Globe. Before Bombay, it helped to lay Atlantic Crossing. covering 3 ,557 miles of fiber-optic cables at an average speed of 6 knots over 21 days. It takes less than two months to install a trans-Atlantic cable. Ships use computers that are programmed to follow a specific route using global positioning satellite navigation systems. The routes are chosen after careful undersea topographical surveys that consider such factors as underwater earthquake faults , canyons and shipping and fishing routes. \”If global 1inks continue to grow as they have in the last decade , it\’ s going to get kind of crowded down there , \” says Jones.
right now fiber-optic cable could encircle the Earth ___.
almost 2000 times
almost 10 times
almost 20 times
24．Data on Ocean Floors
1 At the water\’ s edge of Baltimore Harbor , two freshly painted gray ships await to be
sent out on their next mission. These are the workhorses of the Information Revolution. They are wiring the world to meet the explosive and seemingly limitless demand for Internet , voice and video services , projected to be a $ 1 trillion-a-year global market by 2000. The two ships , C. S. Global Link and its companion the C. S. Global Mariner, are among the most technologically advanced vessels in the business of laying undersea fiber-optic communications cables. They are part of a worldwide fleet , owned by Tyco International Ltd. , that has installed more transoceanic fiber than any other company.
2 Most of the world\’ s telephone and Internet traffic courses through these hair thin
capillaries of glass , which stretch from one continent to another along the ocean floor. In constant pulses of light, coded in the computer language of ones and zeros , they flash millions of phone calls, electronic mail messages, video clips and World Wide Web pages at light speed.
3 Undersea fiber-optic cables have become one of the most crucial components of
today\’ s communications-based global economy, despite mìd-1960s predictions that satellites would make earthbound long-distance communications obsolete.
4 \”Most people really do not realize the amount of telephone cables that are undersea ,
and that their calls actually go through them,\” said Rob Jones , captain of the C. S. Global Link. There are 228 ,958 miles (368 ,472 kilometers) of fiber-optic cable on the floors of the world\’s sea , enough to encircle Earth almost 10 times, according to KMI Corp. of Rhode Island. Another 177,717 miles of cable are planned for installation worldwide by 2000 , KMI estimates.
5 That figure does not count the most ambitious program , Project Oxygen, which
backers describe as a $ 11 billion \”Super Internet\” that would pay out 198 , 841 miles of mainly undersea fiber-optic cable touching 175 countries. Oxygen already has the backing of 30 international tele-communications providers and is scheduled for completion in 2003. Project Oxygen is \”the most ambitious project of communications in the 20th century ,\” said President John Kestrel of KMI. The internet is a major driver of the expansion. The second driver is the need for video transmissions.
6 Global deregulation of telecommunications markets is also playing a key role in the subsea fiber boom. Phone companies around the world are rapidly going private and
governments are opening their markets to competition. Chinese officials , for example , cleverly played 14 competitors off each other in bids to build the first link between China and the United States- and then ultimately told them all to share the $ 1 billion contract.
7 Phrases such as \”quantum leap\” and \”orders of magnitude\” frequently come up in discussions about advances in undersea fiber optics. In 1998 , when glass fibers began to replace copper in telecommunications , people stopped talking in terms of hundreds of simultaneous phone calls per cable and started talking about tens of thousands. Scientists at companies such as Ciena Corp. of Maryland have more than quadrupled fiber-cable capacity by using lasers to split light into colors, sending data through each path in a process called \”wave division multiplexing. \” The newest trans-Atlantic cable can handle 2.4 million voice conversations at one time – or hundreds of thousands of compressed video images. The China-U. S. project will handle 4 million calls at once.
8 Lucent Technology Inc. , one of the leading fiber optic companies , unveiled the latest breakthrough. The ability to transmit as many as 10 million calls over a single fiber by dividing the strand into 80 separate wavelengths of light instead of 16. Lucent says the cable\’ s 400-gigabit (billions of computer instructions per second) speed is enough to carry the world\’ s Internet traffic at any given time on one fiber. One voice phone cal1 requires 64 ,000 bits. Is there any limit to the capacity increase? \”Absolutely not ,\” said Neil Tagare , Project Oxygen\’s founder and an undersea fiber veteran , \”There is in sight.\”
9 And as the boom in fiber-optics continues , the cost of fiber decreases. Each voice
circuit in a pre-fiber trans-At1antic cable in 1987 cost about $ 40 ,00 annually to build and maintain , Mr. Kessler said. Today , the cost has dropped to roughly to $ 100 to $ 200 per circuit , he said. The plunging costs , combined with deregulation and competition in phone markets , have made distance meaningless in communications – and the price of calls.
10 Aboard the C. S. Global Link , Captain Jones remains very busy. The ship returned
to Baltimore from the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean , after dropping 2 ,000 miles of cable from Bombay to Malaysia as part of another major project , called Fiber Link Around the Globe. Before Bombay, it helped to lay Atlantic Crossing. covering 3 ,557 miles of fiber-optic cables at an average speed of 6 knots over 21 days. It takes less than two months to install a trans-Atlantic cable. Ships use computers that are programmed to follow a specific route using global positioning satellite navigation systems. The routes are chosen after careful undersea topographical surveys that consider such factors as underwater earthquake faults , canyons and shipping and fishing routes. \”If global 1inks continue to grow as they have in the last decade , it\’ s going to get kind of crowded down there , \” says Jones.
China had the first cable link built between it and the U>S for ___.
$ 14 billion
$ 2.4 million
$ 1 billion
25．Data on Ocean Floors
1 At the water\’ s edge of Baltimore Harbor , two freshly painted gray ships await to be
sent out on their next mission. These are the workhorses of the Information Revolution. They are wiring the world to meet the explosive and seemingly limitless demand for Internet , voice and video services , projected to be a $ 1 trillion-a-year global market by 2000. The two ships , C. S. Global Link and its companion the C. S. Global Mariner, are among the most technologically advanced vessels in the business of laying undersea fiber-optic communications cables. They are part of a worldwide fleet , owned by Tyco International Ltd. , that has installed more transoceanic fiber than any other company.
2 Most of the world\’ s telephone and Internet traffic courses through these hair thin
capillaries of glass , which stretch from one continent to another along the ocean floor. In constant pulses of light, coded in the computer language of ones and zeros , they flash millions of phone calls, electronic mail messages, video clips and World Wide Web pages at light speed.
3 Undersea fiber-optic cables have become one of the most crucial components of
today\’ s communications-based global economy, despite mìd-1960s predictions that satellites would make earthbound long-distance communications obsolete.
4 \”Most people really do not realize the amount of telephone cables that are undersea ,
and that their calls actually go through them,\” said Rob Jones , captain of the C. S. Global Link. There are 228 ,958 miles (368 ,472 kilometers) of fiber-optic cable on the floors of the world\’s sea , enough to encircle Earth almost 10 times, according to KMI Corp. of Rhode Island. Another 177,717 miles of cable are planned for installation worldwide by 2000 , KMI estimates.
5 That figure does not count the most ambitious program , Project Oxygen, which
backers describe as a $ 11 billion \”Super Internet\” that would pay out 198 , 841 miles of mainly undersea fiber-optic cable touching 175 countries. Oxygen already has the backing of 30 international tele-communications providers and is scheduled for completion in 2003. Project Oxygen is \”the most ambitious project of communications in the 20th century ,\” said President John Kestrel of KMI. The internet is a major driver of the expansion. The second driver is the need for video transmissions.
6 Global deregulation of telecommunications markets is also playing a key role in the subsea fiber boom. Phone companies around the world are rapidly going private and
governments are opening their markets to competition. Chinese officials , for example , cleverly played 14 competitors off each other in bids to build the first link between China and the United States- and then ultimately told them all to share the $ 1 billion contract.
7 Phrases such as \”quantum leap\” and \”orders of magnitude\” frequently come up in discussions about advances in undersea fiber optics. In 1998 , when glass fibers began to replace copper in telecommunications , people stopped talking in terms of hundreds of simultaneous phone calls per cable and started talking about tens of thousands. Scientists at companies such as Ciena Corp. of Maryland have more than quadrupled fiber-cable capacity by using lasers to split light into colors, sending data through each path in a process called \”wave division multiplexing. \” The newest trans-Atlantic cable can handle 2.4 million voice conversations at one time – or hundreds of thousands of compressed video images. The China-U. S. project will handle 4 million calls at once.
8 Lucent Technology Inc. , one of the leading fiber optic companies , unveiled the latest breakthrough. The ability to transmit as many as 10 million calls over a single fiber by dividing the strand into 80 separate wavelengths of light instead of 16. Lucent says the cable\’ s 400-gigabit (billions of computer instructions per second) speed is enough to carry the world\’ s Internet traffic at any given time on one fiber. One voice phone cal1 requires 64 ,000 bits. Is there any limit to the capacity increase? \”Absolutely not ,\” said Neil Tagare , Project Oxygen\’s founder and an undersea fiber veteran , \”There is in sight.\”
9 And as the boom in fiber-optics continues , the cost of fiber decreases. Each voice
circuit in a pre-fiber trans-At1antic cable in 1987 cost about $ 40 ,00 annually to build and maintain , Mr. Kessler said. Today , the cost has dropped to roughly to $ 100 to $ 200 per circuit , he said. The plunging costs , combined with deregulation and competition in phone markets , have made distance meaningless in communications – and the price of calls.
10 Aboard the C. S. Global Link , Captain Jones remains very busy. The ship returned
to Baltimore from the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean , after dropping 2 ,000 miles of cable from Bombay to Malaysia as part of another major project , called Fiber Link Around the Globe. Before Bombay, it helped to lay Atlantic Crossing. covering 3 ,557 miles of fiber-optic cables at an average speed of 6 knots over 21 days. It takes less than two months to install a trans-Atlantic cable. Ships use computers that are programmed to follow a specific route using global positioning satellite navigation systems. The routes are chosen after careful undersea topographical surveys that consider such factors as underwater earthquake faults , canyons and shipping and fishing routes. \”If global 1inks continue to grow as they have in the last decade , it\’ s going to get kind of crowded down there , \” says Jones.
The China-U.S project will handle___
2.4 million calls at once
4 million calls at once
10 million calls at once
26．Data on Ocean Floors
1 At the water\’ s edge of Baltimore Harbor , two freshly painted gray ships await to be
sent out on their next mission. These are the workhorses of the Information Revolution. They are wiring the world to meet the explosive and seemingly limitless demand for Internet , voice and video services , projected to be a $ 1 trillion-a-year global market by 2000. The two ships , C. S. Global Link and its companion the C. S. Global Mariner, are among the most technologically advanced vessels in the business of laying undersea fiber-optic communications cables. They are part of a worldwide fleet , owned by Tyco International Ltd. , that has installed more transoceanic fiber than any other company.
2 Most of the world\’ s telephone and Internet traffic courses through these hair thin
capillaries of glass , which stretch from one continent to another along the ocean floor. In constant pulses of light, coded in the computer language of ones and zeros , they flash millions of phone calls, electronic mail messages, video clips and World Wide Web pages at light speed.
3 Undersea fiber-optic cables have become one of the most crucial components of
today\’ s communications-based global economy, despite mìd-1960s predictions that satellites would make earthbound long-distance communications obsolete.
4 \”Most people really do not realize the amount of telephone cables that are undersea ,
and that their calls actually go through them,\” said Rob Jones , captain of the C. S. Global Link. There are 228 ,958 miles (368 ,472 kilometers) of fiber-optic cable on the floors of the world\’s sea , enough to encircle Earth almost 10 times, according to KMI Corp. of Rhode Island. Another 177,717 miles of cable are planned for installation worldwide by 2000 , KMI estimates.
5 That figure does not count the most ambitious program , Project Oxygen, which
backers describe as a $ 11 billion \”Super Internet\” that would pay out 198 , 841 miles of mainly undersea fiber-optic cable touching 175 countries. Oxygen already has the backing of 30 international tele-communications providers and is scheduled for completion in 2003. Project Oxygen is \”the most ambitious project of communications in the 20th century ,\” said President John Kestrel of KMI. The internet is a major driver of the expansion. The second driver is the need for video transmissions.
6 Global deregulation of telecommunications markets is also playing a key role in the subsea fiber boom. Phone companies around the world are rapidly going private and
governments are opening their markets to competition. Chinese officials , for example , cleverly played 14 competitors off each other in bids to build the first link between China and the United States- and then ultimately told them all to share the $ 1 billion contract.
7 Phrases such as \”quantum leap\” and \”orders of magnitude\” frequently come up in discussions about advances in undersea fiber optics. In 1998 , when glass fibers began to replace copper in telecommunications , people stopped talking in terms of hundreds of simultaneous phone calls per cable and started talking about tens of thousands. Scientists at companies such as Ciena Corp. of Maryland have more than quadrupled fiber-cable capacity by using lasers to split light into colors, sending data through each path in a process called \”wave division multiplexing. \” The newest trans-Atlantic cable can handle 2.4 million voice conversations at one time – or hundreds of thousands of compressed video images. The China-U. S. project will handle 4 million calls at once.
8 Lucent Technology Inc. , one of the leading fiber optic companies , unveiled the latest breakthrough. The ability to transmit as many as 10 million calls over a single fiber by dividing the strand into 80 separate wavelengths of light instead of 16. Lucent says the cable\’ s 400-gigabit (billions of computer instructions per second) speed is enough to carry the world\’ s Internet traffic at any given time on one fiber. One voice phone cal1 requires 64 ,000 bits. Is there any limit to the capacity increase? \”Absolutely not ,\” said Neil Tagare , Project Oxygen\’s founder and an undersea fiber veteran , \”There is in sight.\”
9 And as the boom in fiber-optics continues , the cost of fiber decreases. Each voice
circuit in a pre-fiber trans-At1antic cable in 1987 cost about $ 40 ,00 annually to build and maintain , Mr. Kessler said. Today , the cost has dropped to roughly to $ 100 to $ 200 per circuit , he said. The plunging costs , combined with deregulation and competition in phone markets , have made distance meaningless in communications – and the price of calls.
10 Aboard the C. S. Global Link , Captain Jones remains very busy. The ship returned
to Baltimore from the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean , after dropping 2 ,000 miles of cable from Bombay to Malaysia as part of another major project , called Fiber Link Around the Globe. Before Bombay, it helped to lay Atlantic Crossing. covering 3 ,557 miles of fiber-optic cables at an average speed of 6 knots over 21 days. It takes less than two months to install a trans-Atlantic cable. Ships use computers that are programmed to follow a specific route using global positioning satellite navigation systems. The routes are chosen after careful undersea topographical surveys that consider such factors as underwater earthquake faults , canyons and shipping and fishing routes. \”If global 1inks continue to grow as they have in the last decade , it\’ s going to get kind of crowded down there , \” says Jones.
glass fibers replaced copper cables in ____.
1988
The 1960’s
1998
27．Data on Ocean Floors
1 At the water\’ s edge of Baltimore Harbor , two freshly painted gray ships await to be
sent out on their next mission. These are the workhorses of the Information Revolution. They are wiring the world to meet the explosive and seemingly limitless demand for Internet , voice and video services , projected to be a $ 1 trillion-a-year global market by 2000. The two ships , C. S. Global Link and its companion the C. S. Global Mariner, are among the most technologically advanced vessels in the business of laying undersea fiber-optic communications cables. They are part of a worldwide fleet , owned by Tyco International Ltd. , that has installed more transoceanic fiber than any other company.
2 Most of the world\’ s telephone and Internet traffic courses through these hair thin
capillaries of glass , which stretch from one continent to another along the ocean floor. In constant pulses of light, coded in the computer language of ones and zeros , they flash millions of phone calls, electronic mail messages, video clips and World Wide Web pages at light speed.
3 Undersea fiber-optic cables have become one of the most crucial components of
today\’ s communications-based global economy, despite mìd-1960s predictions that satellites would make earthbound long-distance communications obsolete.
4 \”Most people really do not realize the amount of telephone cables that are undersea ,
and that their calls actually go through them,\” said Rob Jones , captain of the C. S. Global Link. There are 228 ,958 miles (368 ,472 kilometers) of fiber-optic cable on the floors of the world\’s sea , enough to encircle Earth almost 10 times, according to KMI Corp. of Rhode Island. Another 177,717 miles of cable are planned for installation worldwide by 2000 , KMI estimates.
5 That figure does not count the most ambitious program , Project Oxygen, which
backers describe as a $ 11 billion \”Super Internet\” that would pay out 198 , 841 miles of mainly undersea fiber-optic cable touching 175 countries. Oxygen already has the backing of 30 international tele-communications providers and is scheduled for completion in 2003. Project Oxygen is \”the most ambitious project of communications in the 20th century ,\” said President John Kestrel of KMI. The internet is a major driver of the expansion. The second driver is the need for video transmissions.
6 Global deregulation of telecommunications markets is also playing a key role in the subsea fiber boom. Phone companies around the world are rapidly going private and
governments are opening their markets to competition. Chinese officials , for example , cleverly played 14 competitors off each other in bids to build the first link between China and the United States- and then ultimately told them all to share the $ 1 billion contract.
7 Phrases such as \”quantum leap\” and \”orders of magnitude\” frequently come up in discussions about advances in undersea fiber optics. In 1998 , when glass fibers began to replace copper in telecommunications , people stopped talking in terms of hundreds of simultaneous phone calls per cable and started talking about tens of thousands. Scientists at companies such as Ciena Corp. of Maryland have more than quadrupled fiber-cable capacity by using lasers to split light into colors, sending data through each path in a process called \”wave division multiplexing. \” The newest trans-Atlantic cable can handle 2.4 million voice conversations at one time – or hundreds of thousands of compressed video images. The China-U. S. project will handle 4 million calls at once.
8 Lucent Technology Inc. , one of the leading fiber optic companies , unveiled the latest breakthrough. The ability to transmit as many as 10 million calls over a single fiber by dividing the strand into 80 separate wavelengths of light instead of 16. Lucent says the cable\’ s 400-gigabit (billions of computer instructions per second) speed is enough to carry the world\’ s Internet traffic at any given time on one fiber. One voice phone cal1 requires 64 ,000 bits. Is there any limit to the capacity increase? \”Absolutely not ,\” said Neil Tagare , Project Oxygen\’s founder and an undersea fiber veteran , \”There is in sight.\”
9 And as the boom in fiber-optics continues , the cost of fiber decreases. Each voice
circuit in a pre-fiber trans-At1antic cable in 1987 cost about $ 40 ,00 annually to build and maintain , Mr. Kessler said. Today , the cost has dropped to roughly to $ 100 to $ 200 per circuit , he said. The plunging costs , combined with deregulation and competition in phone markets , have made distance meaningless in communications – and the price of calls.
10 Aboard the C. S. Global Link , Captain Jones remains very busy. The ship returned
to Baltimore from the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean , after dropping 2 ,000 miles of cable from Bombay to Malaysia as part of another major project , called Fiber Link Around the Globe. Before Bombay, it helped to lay Atlantic Crossing. covering 3 ,557 miles of fiber-optic cables at an average speed of 6 knots over 21 days. It takes less than two months to install a trans-Atlantic cable. Ships use computers that are programmed to follow a specific route using global positioning satellite navigation systems. The routes are chosen after careful undersea topographical surveys that consider such factors as underwater earthquake faults , canyons and shipping and fishing routes. \”If global 1inks continue to grow as they have in the last decade , it\’ s going to get kind of crowded down there , \” says Jones.
In 1987 each trans-Atlantic cable cost ____.
$ 100 per circuit
$ 64,000 per circuit
$ 40,000 per circuit
28．Data on Ocean Floors
1 At the water\’ s edge of Baltimore Harbor , two freshly painted gray ships await to be
sent out on their next mission. These are the workhorses of the Information Revolution. They are wiring the world to meet the explosive and seemingly limitless demand for Internet , voice and video services , projected to be a $ 1 trillion-a-year global market by 2000. The two ships , C. S. Global Link and its companion the C. S. Global Mariner, are among the most technologically advanced vessels in the business of laying undersea fiber-optic communications cables. They are part of a worldwide fleet , owned by Tyco International Ltd. , that has installed more transoceanic fiber than any other company.
2 Most of the world\’ s telephone and Internet traffic courses through these hair thin
capillaries of glass , which stretch from one continent to another along the ocean floor. In constant pulses of light, coded in the computer language of ones and zeros , they flash millions of phone calls, electronic mail messages, video clips and World Wide Web pages at light speed.
3 Undersea fiber-optic cables have become one of the most crucial components of
today\’ s communications-based global economy, despite mìd-1960s predictions that satellites would make earthbound long-distance communications obsolete.
4 \”Most people really do not realize the amount of telephone cables that are undersea ,
and that their calls actually go through them,\” said Rob Jones , captain of the C. S. Global Link. There are 228 ,958 miles (368 ,472 kilometers) of fiber-optic cable on the floors of the world\’s sea , enough to encircle Earth almost 10 times, according to KMI Corp. of Rhode Island. Another 177,717 miles of cable are planned for installation worldwide by 2000 , KMI estimates.
5 That figure does not count the most ambitious program , Project Oxygen, which
backers describe as a $ 11 billion \”Super Internet\” that would pay out 198 , 841 miles of mainly undersea fiber-optic cable touching 175 countries. Oxygen already has the backing of 30 international tele-communications providers and is scheduled for completion in 2003. Project Oxygen is \”the most ambitious project of communications in the 20th century ,\” said President John Kestrel of KMI. The internet is a major driver of the expansion. The second driver is the need for video transmissions.
6 Global deregulation of telecommunications markets is also playing a key role in the subsea fiber boom. Phone companies around the world are rapidly going private and
governments are opening their markets to competition. Chinese officials , for example , cleverly played 14 competitors off each other in bids to build the first link between China and the United States- and then ultimately told them all to share the $ 1 billion contract.
7 Phrases such as \”quantum leap\” and \”orders of magnitude\” frequently come up in discussions about advances in undersea fiber optics. In 1998 , when glass fibers began to replace copper in telecommunications , people stopped talking in terms of hundreds of simultaneous phone calls per cable and started talking about tens of thousands. Scientists at companies such as Ciena Corp. of Maryland have more than quadrupled fiber-cable capacity by using lasers to split light into colors, sending data through each path in a process called \”wave division multiplexing. \” The newest trans-Atlantic cable can handle 2.4 million voice conversations at one time – or hundreds of thousands of compressed video images. The China-U. S. project will handle 4 million calls at once.
8 Lucent Technology Inc. , one of the leading fiber optic companies , unveiled the latest breakthrough. The ability to transmit as many as 10 million calls over a single fiber by dividing the strand into 80 separate wavelengths of light instead of 16. Lucent says the cable\’ s 400-gigabit (billions of computer instructions per second) speed is enough to carry the world\’ s Internet traffic at any given time on one fiber. One voice phone cal1 requires 64 ,000 bits. Is there any limit to the capacity increase? \”Absolutely not ,\” said Neil Tagare , Project Oxygen\’s founder and an undersea fiber veteran , \”There is in sight.\”
9 And as the boom in fiber-optics continues , the cost of fiber decreases. Each voice
circuit in a pre-fiber trans-At1antic cable in 1987 cost about $ 40 ,00 annually to build and maintain , Mr. Kessler said. Today , the cost has dropped to roughly to $ 100 to $ 200 per circuit , he said. The plunging costs , combined with deregulation and competition in phone markets , have made distance meaningless in communications – and the price of calls.
10 Aboard the C. S. Global Link , Captain Jones remains very busy. The ship returned
to Baltimore from the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean , after dropping 2 ,000 miles of cable from Bombay to Malaysia as part of another major project , called Fiber Link Around the Globe. Before Bombay, it helped to lay Atlantic Crossing. covering 3 ,557 miles of fiber-optic cables at an average speed of 6 knots over 21 days. It takes less than two months to install a trans-Atlantic cable. Ships use computers that are programmed to follow a specific route using global positioning satellite navigation systems. The routes are chosen after careful undersea topographical surveys that consider such factors as underwater earthquake faults , canyons and shipping and fishing routes. \”If global 1inks continue to grow as they have in the last decade , it\’ s going to get kind of crowded down there , \” says Jones.
to install a trans-Atlantic cable takes ____.
less than 21 days
more than 2 years
less than 2 months
29．Data on Ocean Floors
1 At the water\’ s edge of Baltimore Harbor , two freshly painted gray ships await to be
sent out on their next mission. These are the workhorses of the Information Revolution. They are wiring the world to meet the explosive and seemingly limitless demand for Internet , voice and video services , projected to be a $ 1 trillion-a-year global market by 2000. The two ships , C. S. Global Link and its companion the C. S. Global Mariner, are among the most technologically advanced vessels in the business of laying undersea fiber-optic communications cables. They are part of a worldwide fleet , owned by Tyco International Ltd. , that has installed more transoceanic fiber than any other company.
2 Most of the world\’ s telephone and Internet traffic courses through these hair thin
capillaries of glass , which stretch from one continent to another along the ocean floor. In constant pulses of light, coded in the computer language of ones and zeros , they flash millions of phone calls, electronic mail messages, video clips and World Wide Web pages at light speed.
3 Undersea fiber-optic cables have become one of the most crucial components of
today\’ s communications-based global economy, despite mìd-1960s predictions that satellites would make earthbound long-distance communications obsolete.
4 \”Most people really do not realize the amount of telephone cables that are undersea ,
and that their calls actually go through them,\” said Rob Jones , captain of the C. S. Global Link. There are 228 ,958 miles (368 ,472 kilometers) of fiber-optic cable on the floors of the world\’s sea , enough to encircle Earth almost 10 times, according to KMI Corp. of Rhode Island. Another 177,717 miles of cable are planned for installation worldwide by 2000 , KMI estimates.
5 That figure does not count the most ambitious program , Project Oxygen, which
backers describe as a $ 11 billion \”Super Internet\” that would pay out 198 , 841 miles of mainly undersea fiber-optic cable touching 175 countries. Oxygen already has the backing of 30 international tele-communications providers and is scheduled for completion in 2003. Project Oxygen is \”the most ambitious project of communications in the 20th century ,\” said President John Kestrel of KMI. The internet is a major driver of the expansion. The second driver is the need for video transmissions.
6 Global deregulation of telecommunications markets is also playing a key role in the subsea fiber boom. Phone companies around the world are rapidly going private and
governments are opening their markets to competition. Chinese officials , for example , cleverly played 14 competitors off each other in bids to build the first link between China and the United States- and then ultimately told them all to share the $ 1 billion contract.
7 Phrases such as \”quantum leap\” and \”orders of magnitude\” frequently come up in discussions about advances in undersea fiber optics. In 1998 , when glass fibers began to replace copper in telecommunications , people stopped talking in terms of hundreds of simultaneous phone calls per cable and started talking about tens of thousands. Scientists at companies such as Ciena Corp. of Maryland have more than quadrupled fiber-cable capacity by using lasers to split light into colors, sending data through each path in a process called \”wave division multiplexing. \” The newest trans-Atlantic cable can handle 2.4 million voice conversations at one time – or hundreds of thousands of compressed video images. The China-U. S. project will handle 4 million calls at once.
8 Lucent Technology Inc. , one of the leading fiber optic companies , unveiled the latest breakthrough. The ability to transmit as many as 10 million calls over a single fiber by dividing the strand into 80 separate wavelengths of light instead of 16. Lucent says the cable\’ s 400-gigabit (billions of computer instructions per second) speed is enough to carry the world\’ s Internet traffic at any given time on one fiber. One voice phone cal1 requires 64 ,000 bits. Is there any limit to the capacity increase? \”Absolutely not ,\” said Neil Tagare , Project Oxygen\’s founder and an undersea fiber veteran , \”There is in sight.\”
9 And as the boom in fiber-optics continues , the cost of fiber decreases. Each voice
circuit in a pre-fiber trans-At1antic cable in 1987 cost about $ 40 ,00 annually to build and maintain , Mr. Kessler said. Today , the cost has dropped to roughly to $ 100 to $ 200 per circuit , he said. The plunging costs , combined with deregulation and competition in phone markets , have made distance meaningless in communications – and the price of calls.
10 Aboard the C. S. Global Link , Captain Jones remains very busy. The ship returned
to Baltimore from the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean , after dropping 2 ,000 miles of cable from Bombay to Malaysia as part of another major project , called Fiber Link Around the Globe. Before Bombay, it helped to lay Atlantic Crossing. covering 3 ,557 miles of fiber-optic cables at an average speed of 6 knots over 21 days. It takes less than two months to install a trans-Atlantic cable. Ships use computers that are programmed to follow a specific route using global positioning satellite navigation systems. The routes are chosen after careful undersea topographical surveys that consider such factors as underwater earthquake faults , canyons and shipping and fishing routes. \”If global 1inks continue to grow as they have in the last decade , it\’ s going to get kind of crowded down there , \” says Jones.
which of the following is the general idea of the article ___?
the ocean floor plays an important role for modern communication systems.
The ship C.S Global Link is kept busy all over the world.
Millions of phone calls are sent across the ocean floors.
30．Data on Ocean Floors
1 At the water\’ s edge of Baltimore Harbor , two freshly painted gray ships await to be
sent out on their next mission. These are the workhorses of the Information Revolution. They are wiring the world to meet the explosive and seemingly limitless demand for Internet , voice and video services , projected to be a $ 1 trillion-a-year global market by 2000. The two ships , C. S. Global Link and its companion the C. S. Global Mariner, are among the most technologically advanced vessels in the business of laying undersea fiber-optic communications cables. They are part of a worldwide fleet , owned by Tyco International Ltd. , that has installed more transoceanic fiber than any other company.
2 Most of the world\’ s telephone and Internet traffic courses through these hair thin
capillaries of glass , which stretch from one continent to another along the ocean floor. In constant pulses of light, coded in the computer language of ones and zeros , they flash millions of phone calls, electronic mail messages, video clips and World Wide Web pages at light speed.
3 Undersea fiber-optic cables have become one of the most crucial components of
today\’ s communications-based global economy, despite mìd-1960s predictions that satellites would make earthbound long-distance communications obsolete.
4 \”Most people really do not realize the amount of telephone cables that are undersea ,
and that their calls actually go through them,\” said Rob Jones , captain of the C. S. Global Link. There are 228 ,958 miles (368 ,472 kilometers) of fiber-optic cable on the floors of the world\’s sea , enough to encircle Earth almost 10 times, according to KMI Corp. of Rhode Island. Another 177,717 miles of cable are planned for installation worldwide by 2000 , KMI estimates.
5 That figure does not count the most ambitious program , Project Oxygen, which
backers describe as a $ 11 billion \”Super Internet\” that would pay out 198 , 841 miles of mainly undersea fiber-optic cable touching 175 countries. Oxygen already has the backing of 30 international tele-communications providers and is scheduled for completion in 2003. Project Oxygen is \”the most ambitious project of communications in the 20th century ,\” said President John Kestrel of KMI. The internet is a major driver of the expansion. The second driver is the need for video transmissions.
6 Global deregulation of telecommunications markets is also playing a key role in the subsea fiber boom. Phone companies around the world are rapidly going private and
governments are opening their markets to competition. Chinese officials , for example , cleverly played 14 competitors off each other in bids to build the first link between China and the United States- and then ultimately told them all to share the $ 1 billion contract.
7 Phrases such as \”quantum leap\” and \”orders of magnitude\” frequently come up in discussions about advances in undersea fiber optics. In 1998 , when glass fibers began to replace copper in telecommunications , people stopped talking in terms of hundreds of simultaneous phone calls per cable and started talking about tens of thousands. Scientists at companies such as Ciena Corp. of Maryland have more than quadrupled fiber-cable capacity by using lasers to split light into colors, sending data through each path in a process called \”wave division multiplexing. \” The newest trans-Atlantic cable can handle 2.4 million voice conversations at one time – or hundreds of thousands of compressed video images. The China-U. S. project will handle 4 million calls at once.
8 Lucent Technology Inc. , one of the leading fiber optic companies , unveiled the latest breakthrough. The ability to transmit as many as 10 million calls over a single fiber by dividing the strand into 80 separate wavelengths of light instead of 16. Lucent says the cable\’ s 400-gigabit (billions of computer instructions per second) speed is enough to carry the world\’ s Internet traffic at any given time on one fiber. One voice phone cal1 requires 64 ,000 bits. Is there any limit to the capacity increase? \”Absolutely not ,\” said Neil Tagare , Project Oxygen\’s founder and an undersea fiber veteran , \”There is in sight.\”
9 And as the boom in fiber-optics continues , the cost of fiber decreases. Each voice
circuit in a pre-fiber trans-At1antic cable in 1987 cost about $ 40 ,00 annually to build and maintain , Mr. Kessler said. Today , the cost has dropped to roughly to $ 100 to $ 200 per circuit , he said. The plunging costs , combined with deregulation and competition in phone markets , have made distance meaningless in communications – and the price of calls.
10 Aboard the C. S. Global Link , Captain Jones remains very busy. The ship returned
to Baltimore from the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean , after dropping 2 ,000 miles of cable from Bombay to Malaysia as part of another major project , called Fiber Link Around the Globe. Before Bombay, it helped to lay Atlantic Crossing. covering 3 ,557 miles of fiber-optic cables at an average speed of 6 knots over 21 days. It takes less than two months to install a trans-Atlantic cable. Ships use computers that are programmed to follow a specific route using global positioning satellite navigation systems. The routes are chosen after careful undersea topographical surveys that consider such factors as underwater earthquake faults , canyons and shipping and fishing routes. \”If global 1inks continue to grow as they have in the last decade , it\’ s going to get kind of crowded down there , \” says Jones.
what does obsolete mean in Chinese ?____
新奇的
刺激的
过时的
阅读完成后完成20小题
31．The Most Innovative City
1 Continual migration and lack of city planning has created an unfriendly environment for many cities in the world today. Problems such as poverty, crime, public education, and pollution control plague the majority of the world\’ s cities. Each one, it seems, is struggling to avoid urban disaster. But Curitiba, Brazil, a city of 1. 6 million people, is dealing with these problems. This little-known city in southeast Brazil is being recognized as the place that has solutions to many of the world\’ s growing urban problems.
2 Like most other overcrowded and poor cities in the world , Curitiba had a serious garbage problem , until it introduced its \”garbage that is not garbage\” program. Through this program, more than 70% of its trash is recycled – compared with the 25% in Los Angeles. Christano Pinheiro, a seven-year-old boy shows how it\’ s done. At the start of the school year, Pinheiro traded 8 pounds of recyclable garbage for a 632 packet of new notebooks. Each week , he and his two older brothers exchange trash for fresh fruit or 2 pounds of protein-rich beans. The program helps the poor. In 1995 , the city exchanged nearly 2 million pounds of food , 348 ,000 Easter eggs and 26 ,000 Christmas cakes for recyclable trash. Hundreds of quilts for the needy were stuffed with crushed Styrofoam. Christiano was one of 25 ,000 poor children who received these supplies. Curitiba is now known as the world\’ s recycling capital.
3 Household garbage was not the only reason to begin a recycle program. Old worn out equipment was frequently being replaced with new technology and equipment. Like every other city, old, yet usable materials were being dumped around the city of Curitiba. This gave engineers and architects an opportunity to work together to use the materials creatively. Old wooden telephone poles are now reused in office buildings , bridges and public squares. Retired buses have become mobile classrooms for adult education. \”Virtually everything has more than one use,\” said Mayor Rafael Greca, whose airy office overlooking a park is made of old poles and glass. \”It\’ s just a matter of figuring out how to reuse things and then teaching people how to do it. \”
4 Environmental efforts were only a small part of the plan for Curitiba. The latest additions are the Lighthouses of Learning, based on the great lighthouse and library in Alexandria. Egypt , one of the ancient world\’s seven wonders. The first lighthouse was built as an experiment in 1995 to determine exactly who would use it, and the effect it would have on the surrounding neighborhood. Within six months of being opened, it was clear that it was popular. Soon after, a lighthouse was built in each of the city\’ s neighborhoods.
5 The brightly coloured lighthouses have 5. OOO-volume libraries on the first floor ,
reading rooms on the second and a guard in a light tower that transmits a strong beam to provide community security. \”One of the lighthouses is three blocks from my home , so 1 use it for all my school projects,\” said Deucina Costa, a high school senior who stops in every couple of weeks. \”So do my 10-year-old brother and 12-year-old sister. Mom lets them come because it\’ s safe. \” Now, the lighthouses have become the focal point of neighborhoods and have cut crime rates. They each cost about $ 180 ,000. \”It\’ s cheaper to build libraries than prisons ,\” said Greca.
6 Curitiba is also taking government to the people.Unlike other cities where government buildings are located in an often isolated , high rent area , government offices in Curitiba are accessible to everyone on what is known as Citizen Streets. These Citizen Streets are colorful covered avenues of government offices and shops where residents can pay utility bills , get a marriage license , have a haircut , buy groceries or file a police report. And instead of zoning the city into commercial , institutional and leisure facilities as most cities do , Curitiba\’ s planners have merged them all together so that people can use their time effectively at a minimum cost. The Citizen Streets have 600-seat open theaters , sports areas , and classrooms that offer professional training for $ 1 a course. In one recent computer class , Marta Penha , a 28-yearold teacher , said she enrolled because \”the price is right. With my income , this is the only route to advancement. \”
7 In 1991 , Curitiba built the Free University for the Environment – from old telephone poles. Short courses on how to make better use of the environment are tailored for homemakers , contractors and merchants. Taxi drivers have to take a course to get an operator\’ s license. By the end of 1993 , 34 environmentally friendly daycare centers were up and running. Children get a chance to interact , and learn about their environment. The activities include making masks of animals facing extinction from magazine pages. They are then sold in a string of souvenir shops , with profits helping to pay for the facilities. In small gardens out back , the kids grow vegetables for their snacks.
8 \”We\’ re trying to create a whole new set of attitudes and a sense of involvement in this city ,\” Greca said. \”To the people of Curitiba, this city is the best human invention there is. \”
This reading is about the ___ in Curitiba.
对
错
32．The Most Innovative City
1 Continual migration and lack of city planning has created an unfriendly environment for many cities in the world today. Problems such as poverty, crime, public education, and pollution control plague the majority of the world\’ s cities. Each one, it seems, is struggling to avoid urban disaster. But Curitiba, Brazil, a city of 1. 6 million people, is dealing with these problems. This little-known city in southeast Brazil is being recognized as the place that has solutions to many of the world\’ s growing urban problems.
2 Like most other overcrowded and poor cities in the world , Curitiba had a serious garbage problem , until it introduced its \”garbage that is not garbage\” program. Through this program, more than 70% of its trash is recycled – compared with the 25% in Los Angeles. Christano Pinheiro, a seven-year-old boy shows how it\’ s done. At the start of the school year, Pinheiro traded 8 pounds of recyclable garbage for a 632 packet of new notebooks. Each week , he and his two older brothers exchange trash for fresh fruit or 2 pounds of protein-rich beans. The program helps the poor. In 1995 , the city exchanged nearly 2 million pounds of food , 348 ,000 Easter eggs and 26 ,000 Christmas cakes for recyclable trash. Hundreds of quilts for the needy were stuffed with crushed Styrofoam. Christiano was one of 25 ,000 poor children who received these supplies. Curitiba is now known as the world\’ s recycling capital.
3 Household garbage was not the only reason to begin a recycle program. Old worn out equipment was frequently being replaced with new technology and equipment. Like every other city, old, yet usable materials were being dumped around the city of Curitiba. This gave engineers and architects an opportunity to work together to use the materials creatively. Old wooden telephone poles are now reused in office buildings , bridges and public squares. Retired buses have become mobile classrooms for adult education. \”Virtually everything has more than one use,\” said Mayor Rafael Greca, whose airy office overlooking a park is made of old poles and glass. \”It\’ s just a matter of figuring out how to reuse things and then teaching people how to do it. \”
4 Environmental efforts were only a small part of the plan for Curitiba. The latest additions are the Lighthouses of Learning, based on the great lighthouse and library in Alexandria. Egypt , one of the ancient world\’s seven wonders. The first lighthouse was built as an experiment in 1995 to determine exactly who would use it, and the effect it would have on the surrounding neighborhood. Within six months of being opened, it was clear that it was popular. Soon after, a lighthouse was built in each of the city\’ s neighborhoods.
5 The brightly coloured lighthouses have 5. OOO-volume libraries on the first floor ,
reading rooms on the second and a guard in a light tower that transmits a strong beam to provide community security. \”One of the lighthouses is three blocks from my home , so 1 use it for all my school projects,\” said Deucina Costa, a high school senior who stops in every couple of weeks. \”So do my 10-year-old brother and 12-year-old sister. Mom lets them come because it\’ s safe. \” Now, the lighthouses have become the focal point of neighborhoods and have cut crime rates. They each cost about $ 180 ,000. \”It\’ s cheaper to build libraries than prisons ,\” said Greca.
6 Curitiba is also taking government to the people.Unlike other cities where government buildings are located in an often isolated , high rent area , government offices in Curitiba are accessible to everyone on what is known as Citizen Streets. These Citizen Streets are colorful covered avenues of government offices and shops where residents can pay utility bills , get a marriage license , have a haircut , buy groceries or file a police report. And instead of zoning the city into commercial , institutional and leisure facilities as most cities do , Curitiba\’ s planners have merged them all together so that people can use their time effectively at a minimum cost. The Citizen Streets have 600-seat open theaters , sports areas , and classrooms that offer professional training for $ 1 a course. In one recent computer class , Marta Penha , a 28-yearold teacher , said she enrolled because \”the price is right. With my income , this is the only route to advancement. \”
7 In 1991 , Curitiba built the Free University for the Environment – from old telephone poles. Short courses on how to make better use of the environment are tailored for homemakers , contractors and merchants. Taxi drivers have to take a course to get an operator\’ s license. By the end of 1993 , 34 environmentally friendly daycare centers were up and running. Children get a chance to interact , and learn about their environment. The activities include making masks of animals facing extinction from magazine pages. They are then sold in a string of souvenir shops , with profits helping to pay for the facilities. In small gardens out back , the kids grow vegetables for their snacks.
8 \”We\’ re trying to create a whole new set of attitudes and a sense of involvement in this city ,\” Greca said. \”To the people of Curitiba, this city is the best human invention there is. \”
Curitiba is located in Britain.
对
错
33．The Most Innovative City
1 Continual migration and lack of city planning has created an unfriendly environment for many cities in the world today. Problems such as poverty, crime, public education, and pollution control plague the majority of the world\’ s cities. Each one, it seems, is struggling to avoid urban disaster. But Curitiba, Brazil, a city of 1. 6 million people, is dealing with these problems. This little-known city in southeast Brazil is being recognized as the place that has solutions to many of the world\’ s growing urban problems.
2 Like most other overcrowded and poor cities in the world , Curitiba had a serious garbage problem , until it introduced its \”garbage that is not garbage\” program. Through this program, more than 70% of its trash is recycled – compared with the 25% in Los Angeles. Christano Pinheiro, a seven-year-old boy shows how it\’ s done. At the start of the school year, Pinheiro traded 8 pounds of recyclable garbage for a 632 packet of new notebooks. Each week , he and his two older brothers exchange trash for fresh fruit or 2 pounds of protein-rich beans. The program helps the poor. In 1995 , the city exchanged nearly 2 million pounds of food , 348 ,000 Easter eggs and 26 ,000 Christmas cakes for recyclable trash. Hundreds of quilts for the needy were stuffed with crushed Styrofoam. Christiano was one of 25 ,000 poor children who received these supplies. Curitiba is now known as the world\’ s recycling capital.
3 Household garbage was not the only reason to begin a recycle program. Old worn out equipment was frequently being replaced with new technology and equipment. Like every other city, old, yet usable materials were being dumped around the city of Curitiba. This gave engineers and architects an opportunity to work together to use the materials creatively. Old wooden telephone poles are now reused in office buildings , bridges and public squares. Retired buses have become mobile classrooms for adult education. \”Virtually everything has more than one use,\” said Mayor Rafael Greca, whose airy office overlooking a park is made of old poles and glass. \”It\’ s just a matter of figuring out how to reuse things and then teaching people how to do it. \”
4 Environmental efforts were only a small part of the plan for Curitiba. The latest additions are the Lighthouses of Learning, based on the great lighthouse and library in Alexandria. Egypt , one of the ancient world\’s seven wonders. The first lighthouse was built as an experiment in 1995 to determine exactly who would use it, and the effect it would have on the surrounding neighborhood. Within six months of being opened, it was clear that it was popular. Soon after, a lighthouse was built in each of the city\’ s neighborhoods.
5 The brightly coloured lighthouses have 5. OOO-volume libraries on the first floor ,
reading rooms on the second and a guard in a light tower that transmits a strong beam to provide community security. \”One of the lighthouses is three blocks from my home , so 1 use it for all my school projects,\” said Deucina Costa, a high school senior who stops in every couple of weeks. \”So do my 10-year-old brother and 12-year-old sister. Mom lets them come because it\’ s safe. \” Now, the lighthouses have become the focal point of neighborhoods and have cut crime rates. They each cost about $ 180 ,000. \”It\’ s cheaper to build libraries than prisons ,\” said Greca.
6 Curitiba is also taking government to the people.Unlike other cities where government buildings are located in an often isolated , high rent area , government offices in Curitiba are accessible to everyone on what is known as Citizen Streets. These Citizen Streets are colorful covered avenues of government offices and shops where residents can pay utility bills , get a marriage license , have a haircut , buy groceries or file a police report. And instead of zoning the city into commercial , institutional and leisure facilities as most cities do , Curitiba\’ s planners have merged them all together so that people can use their time effectively at a minimum cost. The Citizen Streets have 600-seat open theaters , sports areas , and classrooms that offer professional training for $ 1 a course. In one recent computer class , Marta Penha , a 28-yearold teacher , said she enrolled because \”the price is right. With my income , this is the only route to advancement. \”
7 In 1991 , Curitiba built the Free University for the Environment – from old telephone poles. Short courses on how to make better use of the environment are tailored for homemakers , contractors and merchants. Taxi drivers have to take a course to get an operator\’ s license. By the end of 1993 , 34 environmentally friendly daycare centers were up and running. Children get a chance to interact , and learn about their environment. The activities include making masks of animals facing extinction from magazine pages. They are then sold in a string of souvenir shops , with profits helping to pay for the facilities. In small gardens out back , the kids grow vegetables for their snacks.
8 \”We\’ re trying to create a whole new set of attitudes and a sense of involvement in this city ,\” Greca said. \”To the people of Curitiba, this city is the best human invention there is. \”
More trash are recycled by Curitiba compared with New York.
对
错
34．The Most Innovative City
1 Continual migration and lack of city planning has created an unfriendly environment for many cities in the world today. Problems such as poverty, crime, public education, and pollution control plague the majority of the world\’ s cities. Each one, it seems, is struggling to avoid urban disaster. But Curitiba, Brazil, a city of 1. 6 million people, is dealing with these problems. This little-known city in southeast Brazil is being recognized as the place that has solutions to many of the world\’ s growing urban problems.
2 Like most other overcrowded and poor cities in the world , Curitiba had a serious garbage problem , until it introduced its \”garbage that is not garbage\” program. Through this program, more than 70% of its trash is recycled – compared with the 25% in Los Angeles. Christano Pinheiro, a seven-year-old boy shows how it\’ s done. At the start of the school year, Pinheiro traded 8 pounds of recyclable garbage for a 632 packet of new notebooks. Each week , he and his two older brothers exchange trash for fresh fruit or 2 pounds of protein-rich beans. The program helps the poor. In 1995 , the city exchanged nearly 2 million pounds of food , 348 ,000 Easter eggs and 26 ,000 Christmas cakes for recyclable trash. Hundreds of quilts for the needy were stuffed with crushed Styrofoam. Christiano was one of 25 ,000 poor children who received these supplies. Curitiba is now known as the world\’ s recycling capital.
3 Household garbage was not the only reason to begin a recycle program. Old worn out equipment was frequently being replaced with new technology and equipment. Like every other city, old, yet usable materials were being dumped around the city of Curitiba. This gave engineers and architects an opportunity to work together to use the materials creatively. Old wooden telephone poles are now reused in office buildings , bridges and public squares. Retired buses have become mobile classrooms for adult education. \”Virtually everything has more than one use,\” said Mayor Rafael Greca, whose airy office overlooking a park is made of old poles and glass. \”It\’ s just a matter of figuring out how to reuse things and then teaching people how to do it. \”
4 Environmental efforts were only a small part of the plan for Curitiba. The latest additions are the Lighthouses of Learning, based on the great lighthouse and library in Alexandria. Egypt , one of the ancient world\’s seven wonders. The first lighthouse was built as an experiment in 1995 to determine exactly who would use it, and the effect it would have on the surrounding neighborhood. Within six months of being opened, it was clear that it was popular. Soon after, a lighthouse was built in each of the city\’ s neighborhoods.
5 The brightly coloured lighthouses have 5. OOO-volume libraries on the first floor ,
reading rooms on the second and a guard in a light tower that transmits a strong beam to provide community security. \”One of the lighthouses is three blocks from my home , so 1 use it for all my school projects,\” said Deucina Costa, a high school senior who stops in every couple of weeks. \”So do my 10-year-old brother and 12-year-old sister. Mom lets them come because it\’ s safe. \” Now, the lighthouses have become the focal point of neighborhoods and have cut crime rates. They each cost about $ 180 ,000. \”It\’ s cheaper to build libraries than prisons ,\” said Greca.
6 Curitiba is also taking government to the people.Unlike other cities where government buildings are located in an often isolated , high rent area , government offices in Curitiba are accessible to everyone on what is known as Citizen Streets. These Citizen Streets are colorful covered avenues of government offices and shops where residents can pay utility bills , get a marriage license , have a haircut , buy groceries or file a police report. And instead of zoning the city into commercial , institutional and leisure facilities as most cities do , Curitiba\’ s planners have merged them all together so that people can use their time effectively at a minimum cost. The Citizen Streets have 600-seat open theaters , sports areas , and classrooms that offer professional training for $ 1 a course. In one recent computer class , Marta Penha , a 28-yearold teacher , said she enrolled because \”the price is right. With my income , this is the only route to advancement. \”
7 In 1991 , Curitiba built the Free University for the Environment – from old telephone poles. Short courses on how to make better use of the environment are tailored for homemakers , contractors and merchants. Taxi drivers have to take a course to get an operator\’ s license. By the end of 1993 , 34 environmentally friendly daycare centers were up and running. Children get a chance to interact , and learn about their environment. The activities include making masks of animals facing extinction from magazine pages. They are then sold in a string of souvenir shops , with profits helping to pay for the facilities. In small gardens out back , the kids grow vegetables for their snacks.
8 \”We\’ re trying to create a whole new set of attitudes and a sense of involvement in this city ,\” Greca said. \”To the people of Curitiba, this city is the best human invention there is. \”
Old worn out equipment was frequently replaced with new technology and equipment.
对
错
35．The Most Innovative City
1 Continual migration and lack of city planning has created an unfriendly environment for many cities in the world today. Problems such as poverty, crime, public education, and pollution control plague the majority of the world\’ s cities. Each one, it seems, is struggling to avoid urban disaster. But Curitiba, Brazil, a city of 1. 6 million people, is dealing with these problems. This little-known city in southeast Brazil is being recognized as the place that has solutions to many of the world\’ s growing urban problems.
2 Like most other overcrowded and poor cities in the world , Curitiba had a serious garbage problem , until it introduced its \”garbage that is not garbage\” program. Through this program, more than 70% of its trash is recycled – compared with the 25% in Los Angeles. Christano Pinheiro, a seven-year-old boy shows how it\’ s done. At the start of the school year, Pinheiro traded 8 pounds of recyclable garbage for a 632 packet of new notebooks. Each week , he and his two older brothers exchange trash for fresh fruit or 2 pounds of protein-rich beans. The program helps the poor. In 1995 , the city exchanged nearly 2 million pounds of food , 348 ,000 Easter eggs and 26 ,000 Christmas cakes for recyclable trash. Hundreds of quilts for the needy were stuffed with crushed Styrofoam. Christiano was one of 25 ,000 poor children who received these supplies. Curitiba is now known as the world\’ s recycling capital.
3 Household garbage was not the only reason to begin a recycle program. Old worn out equipment was frequently being replaced with new technology and equipment. Like every other city, old, yet usable materials were being dumped around the city of Curitiba. This gave engineers and architects an opportunity to work together to use the materials creatively. Old wooden telephone poles are now reused in office buildings , bridges and public squares. Retired buses have become mobile classrooms for adult education. \”Virtually everything has more than one use,\” said Mayor Rafael Greca, whose airy office overlooking a park is made of old poles and glass. \”It\’ s just a matter of figuring out how to reuse things and then teaching people how to do it. \”
4 Environmental efforts were only a small part of the plan for Curitiba. The latest additions are the Lighthouses of Learning, based on the great lighthouse and library in Alexandria. Egypt , one of the ancient world\’s seven wonders. The first lighthouse was built as an experiment in 1995 to determine exactly who would use it, and the effect it would have on the surrounding neighborhood. Within six months of being opened, it was clear that it was popular. Soon after, a lighthouse was built in each of the city\’ s neighborhoods.
5 The brightly coloured lighthouses have 5. OOO-volume libraries on the first floor ,
reading rooms on the second and a guard in a light tower that transmits a strong beam to provide community security. \”One of the lighthouses is three blocks from my home , so 1 use it for all my school projects,\” said Deucina Costa, a high school senior who stops in every couple of weeks. \”So do my 10-year-old brother and 12-year-old sister. Mom lets them come because it\’ s safe. \” Now, the lighthouses have become the focal point of neighborhoods and have cut crime rates. They each cost about $ 180 ,000. \”It\’ s cheaper to build libraries than prisons ,\” said Greca.
6 Curitiba is also taking government to the people.Unlike other cities where government buildings are located in an often isolated , high rent area , government offices in Curitiba are accessible to everyone on what is known as Citizen Streets. These Citizen Streets are colorful covered avenues of government offices and shops where residents can pay utility bills , get a marriage license , have a haircut , buy groceries or file a police report. And instead of zoning the city into commercial , institutional and leisure facilities as most cities do , Curitiba\’ s planners have merged them all together so that people can use their time effectively at a minimum cost. The Citizen Streets have 600-seat open theaters , sports areas , and classrooms that offer professional training for $ 1 a course. In one recent computer class , Marta Penha , a 28-yearold teacher , said she enrolled because \”the price is right. With my income , this is the only route to advancement. \”
7 In 1991 , Curitiba built the Free University for the Environment – from old telephone poles. Short courses on how to make better use of the environment are tailored for homemakers , contractors and merchants. Taxi drivers have to take a course to get an operator\’ s license. By the end of 1993 , 34 environmentally friendly daycare centers were up and running. Children get a chance to interact , and learn about their environment. The activities include making masks of animals facing extinction from magazine pages. They are then sold in a string of souvenir shops , with profits helping to pay for the facilities. In small gardens out back , the kids grow vegetables for their snacks.
8 \”We\’ re trying to create a whole new set of attitudes and a sense of involvement in this city ,\” Greca said. \”To the people of Curitiba, this city is the best human invention there is. \”
1Citizens in Curitiba support idea of building libraries.
对
错
36．The Most Innovative City
1 Continual migration and lack of city planning has created an unfriendly environment for many cities in the world today. Problems such as poverty, crime, public education, and pollution control plague the majority of the world\’ s cities. Each one, it seems, is struggling to avoid urban disaster. But Curitiba, Brazil, a city of 1. 6 million people, is dealing with these problems. This little-known city in southeast Brazil is being recognized as the place that has solutions to many of the world\’ s growing urban problems.
2 Like most other overcrowded and poor cities in the world , Curitiba had a serious garbage problem , until it introduced its \”garbage that is not garbage\” program. Through this program, more than 70% of its trash is recycled – compared with the 25% in Los Angeles. Christano Pinheiro, a seven-year-old boy shows how it\’ s done. At the start of the school year, Pinheiro traded 8 pounds of recyclable garbage for a 632 packet of new notebooks. Each week , he and his two older brothers exchange trash for fresh fruit or 2 pounds of protein-rich beans. The program helps the poor. In 1995 , the city exchanged nearly 2 million pounds of food , 348 ,000 Easter eggs and 26 ,000 Christmas cakes for recyclable trash. Hundreds of quilts for the needy were stuffed with crushed Styrofoam. Christiano was one of 25 ,000 poor children who received these supplies. Curitiba is now known as the world\’ s recycling capital.
3 Household garbage was not the only reason to begin a recycle program. Old worn out equipment was frequently being replaced with new technology and equipment. Like every other city, old, yet usable materials were being dumped around the city of Curitiba. This gave engineers and architects an opportunity to work together to use the materials creatively. Old wooden telephone poles are now reused in office buildings , bridges and public squares. Retired buses have become mobile classrooms for adult education. \”Virtually everything has more than one use,\” said Mayor Rafael Greca, whose airy office overlooking a park is made of old poles and glass. \”It\’ s just a matter of figuring out how to reuse things and then teaching people how to do it. \”
4 Environmental efforts were only a small part of the plan for Curitiba. The latest additions are the Lighthouses of Learning, based on the great lighthouse and library in Alexandria. Egypt , one of the ancient world\’s seven wonders. The first lighthouse was built as an experiment in 1995 to determine exactly who would use it, and the effect it would have on the surrounding neighborhood. Within six months of being opened, it was clear that it was popular. Soon after, a lighthouse was built in each of the city\’ s neighborhoods.
5 The brightly coloured lighthouses have 5. OOO-volume libraries on the first floor ,
reading rooms on the second and a guard in a light tower that transmits a strong beam to provide community security. \”One of the lighthouses is three blocks from my home , so 1 use it for all my school projects,\” said Deucina Costa, a high school senior who stops in every couple of weeks. \”So do my 10-year-old brother and 12-year-old sister. Mom lets them come because it\’ s safe. \” Now, the lighthouses have become the focal point of neighborhoods and have cut crime rates. They each cost about $ 180 ,000. \”It\’ s cheaper to build libraries than prisons ,\” said Greca.
6 Curitiba is also taking government to the people.Unlike other cities where government buildings are located in an often isolated , high rent area , government offices in Curitiba are accessible to everyone on what is known as Citizen Streets. These Citizen Streets are colorful covered avenues of government offices and shops where residents can pay utility bills , get a marriage license , have a haircut , buy groceries or file a police report. And instead of zoning the city into commercial , institutional and leisure facilities as most cities do , Curitiba\’ s planners have merged them all together so that people can use their time effectively at a minimum cost. The Citizen Streets have 600-seat open theaters , sports areas , and classrooms that offer professional training for $ 1 a course. In one recent computer class , Marta Penha , a 28-yearold teacher , said she enrolled because \”the price is right. With my income , this is the only route to advancement. \”
7 In 1991 , Curitiba built the Free University for the Environment – from old telephone poles. Short courses on how to make better use of the environment are tailored for homemakers , contractors and merchants. Taxi drivers have to take a course to get an operator\’ s license. By the end of 1993 , 34 environmentally friendly daycare centers were up and running. Children get a chance to interact , and learn about their environment. The activities include making masks of animals facing extinction from magazine pages. They are then sold in a string of souvenir shops , with profits helping to pay for the facilities. In small gardens out back , the kids grow vegetables for their snacks.
8 \”We\’ re trying to create a whole new set of attitudes and a sense of involvement in this city ,\” Greca said. \”To the people of Curitiba, this city is the best human invention there is. \”
Citizen streets are zoned by different functions.
对
错
37．The Most Innovative City
1 Continual migration and lack of city planning has created an unfriendly environment for many cities in the world today. Problems such as poverty, crime, public education, and pollution control plague the majority of the world\’ s cities. Each one, it seems, is struggling to avoid urban disaster. But Curitiba, Brazil, a city of 1. 6 million people, is dealing with these problems. This little-known city in southeast Brazil is being recognized as the place that has solutions to many of the world\’ s growing urban problems.
2 Like most other overcrowded and poor cities in the world , Curitiba had a serious garbage problem , until it introduced its \”garbage that is not garbage\” program. Through this program, more than 70% of its trash is recycled – compared with the 25% in Los Angeles. Christano Pinheiro, a seven-year-old boy shows how it\’ s done. At the start of the school year, Pinheiro traded 8 pounds of recyclable garbage for a 632 packet of new notebooks. Each week , he and his two older brothers exchange trash for fresh fruit or 2 pounds of protein-rich beans. The program helps the poor. In 1995 , the city exchanged nearly 2 million pounds of food , 348 ,000 Easter eggs and 26 ,000 Christmas cakes for recyclable trash. Hundreds of quilts for the needy were stuffed with crushed Styrofoam. Christiano was one of 25 ,000 poor children who received these supplies. Curitiba is now known as the world\’ s recycling capital.
3 Household garbage was not the only reason to begin a recycle program. Old worn out equipment was frequently being replaced with new technology and equipment. Like every other city, old, yet usable materials were being dumped around the city of Curitiba. This gave engineers and architects an opportunity to work together to use the materials creatively. Old wooden telephone poles are now reused in office buildings , bridges and public squares. Retired buses have become mobile classrooms for adult education. \”Virtually everything has more than one use,\” said Mayor Rafael Greca, whose airy office overlooking a park is made of old poles and glass. \”It\’ s just a matter of figuring out how to reuse things and then teaching people how to do it. \”
4 Environmental efforts were only a small part of the plan for Curitiba. The latest additions are the Lighthouses of Learning, based on the great lighthouse and library in Alexandria. Egypt , one of the ancient world\’s seven wonders. The first lighthouse was built as an experiment in 1995 to determine exactly who would use it, and the effect it would have on the surrounding neighborhood. Within six months of being opened, it was clear that it was popular. Soon after, a lighthouse was built in each of the city\’ s neighborhoods.
5 The brightly coloured lighthouses have 5. OOO-volume libraries on the first floor ,
reading rooms on the second and a guard in a light tower that transmits a strong beam to provide community security. \”One of the lighthouses is three blocks from my home , so 1 use it for all my school projects,\” said Deucina Costa, a high school senior who stops in every couple of weeks. \”So do my 10-year-old brother and 12-year-old sister. Mom lets them come because it\’ s safe. \” Now, the lighthouses have become the focal point of neighborhoods and have cut crime rates. They each cost about $ 180 ,000. \”It\’ s cheaper to build libraries than prisons ,\” said Greca.
6 Curitiba is also taking government to the people.Unlike other cities where government buildings are located in an often isolated , high rent area , government offices in Curitiba are accessible to everyone on what is known as Citizen Streets. These Citizen Streets are colorful covered avenues of government offices and shops where residents can pay utility bills , get a marriage license , have a haircut , buy groceries or file a police report. And instead of zoning the city into commercial , institutional and leisure facilities as most cities do , Curitiba\’ s planners have merged them all together so that people can use their time effectively at a minimum cost. The Citizen Streets have 600-seat open theaters , sports areas , and classrooms that offer professional training for $ 1 a course. In one recent computer class , Marta Penha , a 28-yearold teacher , said she enrolled because \”the price is right. With my income , this is the only route to advancement. \”
7 In 1991 , Curitiba built the Free University for the Environment – from old telephone poles. Short courses on how to make better use of the environment are tailored for homemakers , contractors and merchants. Taxi drivers have to take a course to get an operator\’ s license. By the end of 1993 , 34 environmentally friendly daycare centers were up and running. Children get a chance to interact , and learn about their environment. The activities include making masks of animals facing extinction from magazine pages. They are then sold in a string of souvenir shops , with profits helping to pay for the facilities. In small gardens out back , the kids grow vegetables for their snacks.
8 \”We\’ re trying to create a whole new set of attitudes and a sense of involvement in this city ,\” Greca said. \”To the people of Curitiba, this city is the best human invention there is. \”
Theaters can’t be found in Citizen Streets.
对
错
38．The Most Innovative City
1 Continual migration and lack of city planning has created an unfriendly environment for many cities in the world today. Problems such as poverty, crime, public education, and pollution control plague the majority of the world\’ s cities. Each one, it seems, is struggling to avoid urban disaster. But Curitiba, Brazil, a city of 1. 6 million people, is dealing with these problems. This little-known city in southeast Brazil is being recognized as the place that has solutions to many of the world\’ s growing urban problems.
2 Like most other overcrowded and poor cities in the world , Curitiba had a serious garbage problem , until it introduced its \”garbage that is not garbage\” program. Through this program, more than 70% of its trash is recycled – compared with the 25% in Los Angeles. Christano Pinheiro, a seven-year-old boy shows how it\’ s done. At the start of the school year, Pinheiro traded 8 pounds of recyclable garbage for a 632 packet of new notebooks. Each week , he and his two older brothers exchange trash for fresh fruit or 2 pounds of protein-rich beans. The program helps the poor. In 1995 , the city exchanged nearly 2 million pounds of food , 348 ,000 Easter eggs and 26 ,000 Christmas cakes for recyclable trash. Hundreds of quilts for the needy were stuffed with crushed Styrofoam. Christiano was one of 25 ,000 poor children who received these supplies. Curitiba is now known as the world\’ s recycling capital.
3 Household garbage was not the only reason to begin a recycle program. Old worn out equipment was frequently being replaced with new technology and equipment. Like every other city, old, yet usable materials were being dumped around the city of Curitiba. This gave engineers and architects an opportunity to work together to use the materials creatively. Old wooden telephone poles are now reused in office buildings , bridges and public squares. Retired buses have become mobile classrooms for adult education. \”Virtually everything has more than one use,\” said Mayor Rafael Greca, whose airy office overlooking a park is made of old poles and glass. \”It\’ s just a matter of figuring out how to reuse things and then teaching people how to do it. \”
4 Environmental efforts were only a small part of the plan for Curitiba. The latest additions are the Lighthouses of Learning, based on the great lighthouse and library in Alexandria. Egypt , one of the ancient world\’s seven wonders. The first lighthouse was built as an experiment in 1995 to determine exactly who would use it, and the effect it would have on the surrounding neighborhood. Within six months of being opened, it was clear that it was popular. Soon after, a lighthouse was built in each of the city\’ s neighborhoods.
5 The brightly coloured lighthouses have 5. OOO-volume libraries on the first floor ,
reading rooms on the second and a guard in a light tower that transmits a strong beam to provide community security. \”One of the lighthouses is three blocks from my home , so 1 use it for all my school projects,\” said Deucina Costa, a high school senior who stops in every couple of weeks. \”So do my 10-year-old brother and 12-year-old sister. Mom lets them come because it\’ s safe. \” Now, the lighthouses have become the focal point of neighborhoods and have cut crime rates. They each cost about $ 180 ,000. \”It\’ s cheaper to build libraries than prisons ,\” said Greca.
6 Curitiba is also taking government to the people.Unlike other cities where government buildings are located in an often isolated , high rent area , government offices in Curitiba are accessible to everyone on what is known as Citizen Streets. These Citizen Streets are colorful covered avenues of government offices and shops where residents can pay utility bills , get a marriage license , have a haircut , buy groceries or file a police report. And instead of zoning the city into commercial , institutional and leisure facilities as most cities do , Curitiba\’ s planners have merged them all together so that people can use their time effectively at a minimum cost. The Citizen Streets have 600-seat open theaters , sports areas , and classrooms that offer professional training for $ 1 a course. In one recent computer class , Marta Penha , a 28-yearold teacher , said she enrolled because \”the price is right. With my income , this is the only route to advancement. \”
7 In 1991 , Curitiba built the Free University for the Environment – from old telephone poles. Short courses on how to make better use of the environment are tailored for homemakers , contractors and merchants. Taxi drivers have to take a course to get an operator\’ s license. By the end of 1993 , 34 environmentally friendly daycare centers were up and running. Children get a chance to interact , and learn about their environment. The activities include making masks of animals facing extinction from magazine pages. They are then sold in a string of souvenir shops , with profits helping to pay for the facilities. In small gardens out back , the kids grow vegetables for their snacks.
8 \”We\’ re trying to create a whole new set of attitudes and a sense of involvement in this city ,\” Greca said. \”To the people of Curitiba, this city is the best human invention there is. \”
Marriage licenses can be got in Citizen Streets.
对
错
39．The Most Innovative City
1 Continual migration and lack of city planning has created an unfriendly environment for many cities in the world today. Problems such as poverty, crime, public education, and pollution control plague the majority of the world\’ s cities. Each one, it seems, is struggling to avoid urban disaster. But Curitiba, Brazil, a city of 1. 6 million people, is dealing with these problems. This little-known city in southeast Brazil is being recognized as the place that has solutions to many of the world\’ s growing urban problems.
2 Like most other overcrowded and poor cities in the world , Curitiba had a serious garbage problem , until it introduced its \”garbage that is not garbage\” program. Through this program, more than 70% of its trash is recycled – compared with the 25% in Los Angeles. Christano Pinheiro, a seven-year-old boy shows how it\’ s done. At the start of the school year, Pinheiro traded 8 pounds of recyclable garbage for a 632 packet of new notebooks. Each week , he and his two older brothers exchange trash for fresh fruit or 2 pounds of protein-rich beans. The program helps the poor. In 1995 , the city exchanged nearly 2 million pounds of food , 348 ,000 Easter eggs and 26 ,000 Christmas cakes for recyclable trash. Hundreds of quilts for the needy were stuffed with crushed Styrofoam. Christiano was one of 25 ,000 poor children who received these supplies. Curitiba is now known as the world\’ s recycling capital.
3 Household garbage was not the only reason to begin a recycle program. Old worn out equipment was frequently being replaced with new technology and equipment. Like every other city, old, yet usable materials were being dumped around the city of Curitiba. This gave engineers and architects an opportunity to work together to use the materials creatively. Old wooden telephone poles are now reused in office buildings , bridges and public squares. Retired buses have become mobile classrooms for adult education. \”Virtually everything has more than one use,\” said Mayor Rafael Greca, whose airy office overlooking a park is made of old poles and glass. \”It\’ s just a matter of figuring out how to reuse things and then teaching people how to do it. \”
4 Environmental efforts were only a small part of the plan for Curitiba. The latest additions are the Lighthouses of Learning, based on the great lighthouse and library in Alexandria. Egypt , one of the ancient world\’s seven wonders. The first lighthouse was built as an experiment in 1995 to determine exactly who would use it, and the effect it would have on the surrounding neighborhood. Within six months of being opened, it was clear that it was popular. Soon after, a lighthouse was built in each of the city\’ s neighborhoods.
5 The brightly coloured lighthouses have 5. OOO-volume libraries on the first floor ,
reading rooms on the second and a guard in a light tower that transmits a strong beam to provide community security. \”One of the lighthouses is three blocks from my home , so 1 use it for all my school projects,\” said Deucina Costa, a high school senior who stops in every couple of weeks. \”So do my 10-year-old brother and 12-year-old sister. Mom lets them come because it\’ s safe. \” Now, the lighthouses have become the focal point of neighborhoods and have cut crime rates. They each cost about $ 180 ,000. \”It\’ s cheaper to build libraries than prisons ,\” said Greca.
6 Curitiba is also taking government to the people.Unlike other cities where government buildings are located in an often isolated , high rent area , government offices in Curitiba are accessible to everyone on what is known as Citizen Streets. These Citizen Streets are colorful covered avenues of government offices and shops where residents can pay utility bills , get a marriage license , have a haircut , buy groceries or file a police report. And instead of zoning the city into commercial , institutional and leisure facilities as most cities do , Curitiba\’ s planners have merged them all together so that people can use their time effectively at a minimum cost. The Citizen Streets have 600-seat open theaters , sports areas , and classrooms that offer professional training for $ 1 a course. In one recent computer class , Marta Penha , a 28-yearold teacher , said she enrolled because \”the price is right. With my income , this is the only route to advancement. \”
7 In 1991 , Curitiba built the Free University for the Environment – from old telephone poles. Short courses on how to make better use of the environment are tailored for homemakers , contractors and merchants. Taxi drivers have to take a course to get an operator\’ s license. By the end of 1993 , 34 environmentally friendly daycare centers were up and running. Children get a chance to interact , and learn about their environment. The activities include making masks of animals facing extinction from magazine pages. They are then sold in a string of souvenir shops , with profits helping to pay for the facilities. In small gardens out back , the kids grow vegetables for their snacks.
8 \”We\’ re trying to create a whole new set of attitudes and a sense of involvement in this city ,\” Greca said. \”To the people of Curitiba, this city is the best human invention there is. \”
Strong beam from the light tower can secure community safety.
对
错
40．The Most Innovative City
1 Continual migration and lack of city planning has created an unfriendly environment for many cities in the world today. Problems such as poverty, crime, public education, and pollution control plague the majority of the world\’ s cities. Each one, it seems, is struggling to avoid urban disaster. But Curitiba, Brazil, a city of 1. 6 million people, is dealing with these problems. This little-known city in southeast Brazil is being recognized as the place that has solutions to many of the world\’ s growing urban problems.
2 Like most other overcrowded and poor cities in the world , Curitiba had a serious garbage problem , until it introduced its \”garbage that is not garbage\” program. Through this program, more than 70% of its trash is recycled – compared with the 25% in Los Angeles. Christano Pinheiro, a seven-year-old boy shows how it\’ s done. At the start of the school year, Pinheiro traded 8 pounds of recyclable garbage for a 632 packet of new notebooks. Each week , he and his two older brothers exchange trash for fresh fruit or 2 pounds of protein-rich beans. The program helps the poor. In 1995 , the city exchanged nearly 2 million pounds of food , 348 ,000 Easter eggs and 26 ,000 Christmas cakes for recyclable trash. Hundreds of quilts for the needy were stuffed with crushed Styrofoam. Christiano was one of 25 ,000 poor children who received these supplies. Curitiba is now known as the world\’ s recycling capital.
3 Household garbage was not the only reason to begin a recycle program. Old worn out equipment was frequently being replaced with new technology and equipment. Like every other city, old, yet usable materials were being dumped around the city of Curitiba. This gave engineers and architects an opportunity to work together to use the materials creatively. Old wooden telephone poles are now reused in office buildings , bridges and public squares. Retired buses have become mobile classrooms for adult education. \”Virtually everything has more than one use,\” said Mayor Rafael Greca, whose airy office overlooking a park is made of old poles and glass. \”It\’ s just a matter of figuring out how to reuse things and then teaching people how to do it. \”
4 Environmental efforts were only a small part of the plan for Curitiba. The latest additions are the Lighthouses of Learning, based on the great lighthouse and library in Alexandria. Egypt , one of the ancient world\’s seven wonders. The first lighthouse was built as an experiment in 1995 to determine exactly who would use it, and the effect it would have on the surrounding neighborhood. Within six months of being opened, it was clear that it was popular. Soon after, a lighthouse was built in each of the city\’ s neighborhoods.
5 The brightly coloured lighthouses have 5. OOO-volume libraries on the first floor ,
reading rooms on the second and a guard in a light tower that transmits a strong beam to provide community security. \”One of the lighthouses is three blocks from my home , so 1 use it for all my school projects,\” said Deucina Costa, a high school senior who stops in every couple of weeks. \”So do my 10-year-old brother and 12-year-old sister. Mom lets them come because it\’ s safe. \” Now, the lighthouses have become the focal point of neighborhoods and have cut crime rates. They each cost about $ 180 ,000. \”It\’ s cheaper to build libraries than prisons ,\” said Greca.
6 Curitiba is also taking government to the people.Unlike other cities where government buildings are located in an often isolated , high rent area , government offices in Curitiba are accessible to everyone on what is known as Citizen Streets. These Citizen Streets are colorful covered avenues of government offices and shops where residents can pay utility bills , get a marriage license , have a haircut , buy groceries or file a police report. And instead of zoning the city into commercial , institutional and leisure facilities as most cities do , Curitiba\’ s planners have merged them all together so that people can use their time effectively at a minimum cost. The Citizen Streets have 600-seat open theaters , sports areas , and classrooms that offer professional training for $ 1 a course. In one recent computer class , Marta Penha , a 28-yearold teacher , said she enrolled because \”the price is right. With my income , this is the only route to advancement. \”
7 In 1991 , Curitiba built the Free University for the Environment – from old telephone poles. Short courses on how to make better use of the environment are tailored for homemakers , contractors and merchants. Taxi drivers have to take a course to get an operator\’ s license. By the end of 1993 , 34 environmentally friendly daycare centers were up and running. Children get a chance to interact , and learn about their environment. The activities include making masks of animals facing extinction from magazine pages. They are then sold in a string of souvenir shops , with profits helping to pay for the facilities. In small gardens out back , the kids grow vegetables for their snacks.
8 \”We\’ re trying to create a whole new set of attitudes and a sense of involvement in this city ,\” Greca said. \”To the people of Curitiba, this city is the best human invention there is. \”
Government buildings of many cities are copying Curitiba
对
错
